Issue 2015 No. 4 (45)

Trade and economic development of Arzamas and its uyezd in the system of the Nizhny Novgorod viceroyalty

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Since the middle of the РҐVIII centure the Arzamas Uyezd had become an evident economic event and trade transport point in the Russian domestic market system, taking the first place of the trade development level in the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate. Arzamas was one of the most important transit point...s for the goods of the Makaryev Fair and Nizhny Novgorod Fair, it was the constant supplier of big lots of leather, fur, canvas, soap, yarn, candles, leather and felt shoes, metal goods. In the second half of the XIX century the goods traffic going through Arzamas was gradually decreasing.
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Persian components in the lower Volga frontier: past and present

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14-19   262

In the Volga Delta Great Eurasian Steppe during the meeting with the great river from ancient times spawned numerous intensive contacts of peoples to geopolitical, geo-economic and ethno-religious communication lines. Lower Volga -- a unique concentration of natural, economic social and other commun...ications in multidimensional space of Eurasia. From the moment, when Russian State was recognized this uniqueness of the region, it gradually turns into territory of frontier of Russia, where produced new forms of cross-cultural interaction of different ethnic groups. One of them for the past several centuries are Persians, for a long time held in their own hands the threads of the Caspian and the transit trade between North and South. They left an imprint on the cross-cultural environment of the Lower Volga region and continue to play an important role in it, and at the present stage.
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State the responsibilities of the parish clergy of the Astrakhan province in the XVIII - early XX century on the materials of “Astrakhan diocesan gazette”

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19-25   287

In modern Russia the Church was taking an increasingly active part in the socio-political, socio-cultural life of the country. The Orthodox religion is being rethought, not only taking into account the modern realities and needs of society and state, but based on the responsibilities of the Church t...hat are traditionally assigned to her. The article deals with public functions of the parish clergy in the Synodal period in the example of the clergy of the Diocese of Astrakhan. As the source studies used “Astrakhan diocesan news”.
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Agricultural departure peasants and forming agricultural (of the) proletariat on south Russian on the boundary РҐIРҐ-РҐРҐ centurys

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In the article the departure farmers in agricultural work in the southern provinces of Russia and the odds-ming agricultural proletariat in the late nineteenth - early twentieth century....
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The evolution of the peasant economy and the adjustment problems of the cultural revolution in the 1926-1928

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The article examines the impact of the transition to the accelerated construction of socialism in the formulation and solution of problems of the cultural revolution in the countryside. It is shown that in 1927 there was a fundamental reversal of party politics. Before that time, the main concern of... the CPSU (b) was closer to the middle peasants, then 1927-1928 - with the poor, and agricultural laborers. As a result, the adjustment problems of the “cultural revolution” led to the fore two key areas of the Bolshevik policy in the countryside. In the area of industrial promotion was a transition from “uplifters” an aggressive propaganda of collectivization. In the political sphere, while limiting the admission of peasants into the party, the focus has shifted from the poor and middle peasants on a farm laborer.
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Basic methods for state control of soviet society in 1920-1930

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The author analyzes the basic methods of the state control in the Soviet Union in 1920-1930 . An administrative method was a main, it establishes the rules of the administrative decision-making and control of their execution at all levels of the government, the rules of selection o...f the managerial staff. During the new economic police, the economic method has been prevailing in the system of the state control. It seemed almost ideal conditions were creating for the economic development of the active population. At the same time, the management of these conditions was entirely under the authority of the state. The legal method of social control based on the regulatory function of juridical rules, fix state authorities for various activities. However, since the first days of the Bolshevik regime, the rejection of the bourgeois-democratic principles was declared for the law system of a new type - the revolutionary law which justifying the hegemony of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The repressive component becomes the basis of the legal method of Soviet social control in the late 1920 . The socio-psychological method of social control is one of the most important. It contains means of influencing the human consciousness for integrate into a socialist society during the Soviet period. The influencing was carried out with the help of the media, non-government organizations, the most accessible for the population the arts - books and the cinema. A special role gave to newspapers. Newspapers have become a major instrument for shaping public opinion, agreed with the tasks that put the Soviet leadership. This concerned both the common tasks of socialist construction, and relevant issues of public support for specific government campaigns.
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The division was going ahead

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The author examines some questions of combat units formation and training of the 110 Kalmyk cavalry division to the hostilities with Nazi troops. According to the order of command Kalmyk cavalry division has been fighting hard-fought battles near Bogaevskaya, Razdorskaya and Semik...arakorskaya stanitsas since the 12-28 of July of 1942. On the 27-28 of July, fearing encirclement, the division went to the river Manych. In Mozdok the division staff was reshaped and then it took active part in territory deliverance of the North Caucasus from German invaders. In February of 1943 the division was disbanded like other national units.
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State regulation of the private capital in the 1920s: the regional features

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The author shows the local peculiarities of the state regulation of private capital in the Astrakhan province in the period of the new economic policy. The author notes that the Astrakhan province was the region where private capital received the maximum development, especially in the fishing indust...ry and trade, in the 1920s. The new economic policy allowed the enterprise and free trade, which has a positive impact on the restoration of the destroyed economy. However, in the early years of the NEP, when there was a lease of non-performing businesses, uncover, laid the foundation in the period of “war communism”, the system weaknesses of the Soviet economic mechanism. This is a “birthmark” of the Soviet economic model has not been overcome in the years of the NEP. And yet, in spite of the obstacles of the part of the bureaucracy, the development of private capital has allowed to recover and stabilize the economy of the Astrakhan region, especially the foundation of its economy fishing industry, in short period. The flourishing of the NEP enterprises came in 1926/1927 business year. Then, in the Astrakhan province, there were 1939 private commercial and industrial enterprises, 334 state enterprises, and 161 cooperative enterprises. The private traders have about half of the total trade turnover - 224 million rubles. The share of private enterprises reached to 44.6 % in the economy of the Astrakhan province the in 1928. Soviet leadership headed for exclusion of the private capitalist from the national economy after the 1927. But, in some regions, including Astrakhan region, private capitalist continued to develop, and even strengthened its position. The decision of the central party and government bodies, which restricted the activities of private capital, sabotaged by local authorities until 1929. It needed a repressive intervention of the Centre to bring the fishing industry to the state monopoly. Afterwards, these events spring and summer of 1929 were called “astrahanschiny”. It was one of the largest processes under shopkeepers and corrupt officials in the country, ending the new economic policy.
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Peasant commune as the possessor and the owner of the land: paradoxes of russian historical experience 1900-1920-ies

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The article investigates the problem of stability of the peasant community in Russia at the stage of acceleration of modernization processes in the late XIX - early XX century. It is shown that despite the declaration of the reform of 1861, until the time of Stolypin's reforms, the community remains... not only the main subject of the relationship of peasant land tenure, but also, to a certain extent, the issues of ownership and ownership by the peasant tradition, the main regulator of property relations. The value of the community to solve the basic preserved in the future. In spite of Stolypin's reforms - in imperial Russia, and then on the basis of Soviet agrarian legislation NEP era of revolution and the community to be an important regulator of land relations.
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The Turkmen coast of the Caspian sea in the economic policy of the tsarist government in 1800-1820-ies

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In the early nineteenth century the Russian government, in a situation of finding a profitable market for young Russian industry. Central Asia, with its vast open spaces and agricultural nature of the production, historical proximity to Russia's borders and centuries-old traditions of cultural and e...conomic interaction, turned out to be the most suitable area in this respect. The most convenient and nearest trade route to Central Asia from Russia has long been a trade route from Astrakhan on the Caspian sea to the East coast of Turkmenistan. And then overloaded goods on camels went deep into Central Asia. In addition, the Turkmen population was interested in mutually beneficial trade relations with the Russian Empire. In 1800-1820-s starts the active study of the Turkmen coast of the Caspian sea with the purpose of establishing an Outpost for the economic and political development of Russia in the region. Based on the analysis of Russian and Turkmen historiography, archival sources, the author attempted to describe this process.
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Aboutthe mutual aid of the USSR and Mongoliin 1930

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In premilitary years in the foreign policy the Mongolian National Republic active supported close cooperation with the Soviet Union according to the Protocol on mutual aid of 1936 the Protocol of 1936 promoted not only to strengthening of the military-political union USSR and MHP, but also considera...bly strengthened defense capability and safety Mongolian, but also considerably strengthened defense capability and safety of the Mongolian National Republic, strengthened MNR as the sovereign state that lay in the course of foreign policy interests of Moscow. Geopolitical nature of these interests was invariable. In turn, Ulan Bator on the international scene needed support of Moscow. The Soviet help continued to serve Mongolia reliable as В« a safety umbrellaВ» . The X congress MNRP summed up the results on realization of problems of a democratic stage of revolution and defined a strategic course of country at a socialist stage. X congress MNRP summed and the VII Great National Hural summed approved progress of the largest historical victories of the Mongolian people on the way of revolutionary changes from 1921 to 1940. The government of MNR made the decision on construction of a number of new objects among which were such as - processing plant - the largest enterprise of the state food industry, the State theater were constructed.
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With international mission in a friendly Mongolia

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The article highlights interesting, important questions of friendly cooperation of the two new states - the Russian Soviet Republic and the Mongolian People's Republic in the early years of their existence. During this period the basis of the eastern direction foreign policy of the Soviet state acti...vely implement the principle of retraction of India, China, Mongolia and other Asian countries in the revolutionary process in order to ensure the victory of socialism in the East. The leaders of the Soviet state V. I. Lenin, L. D. Trotsky, I. V. Stalin also believed that after the defeat of the revolution in Western countries need to turn the route of the world revolution to the East, as here, perspectives of the revolutionary forces. To do this, you need to create, argued L. D. Trotsky, well-armed body in the Urals and send to India and Afghanistan. The same idea is actively developed by prominent public and political figures and statesmen of Kalmykia and Buryatia. For example, A. and A. Chapchaev Amur-Sanan in May 1919 in the journal “Life nationalities” were made by the article “Keys of the East”, which suggested that “the Kalmyks could become agents of Soviet power in the East among the multimillion-Buddhist Mongol tribes”. In September 1920, at the Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku representative of the Mongolian Renaissance Elveg-Dorji Rinchino he asked the Soviet government to send military instructors to Mongolia, Kalmyk Mongolians related to them. In July 1920, Secretary to the Far ECCI immediately supported this proposal Elvega Rinchino. In January 1921, the Revolutionary Military Council, it was decided to second a group of young officers of the Kalmyks-15-20 for military instructors work in the army of the MPR. This group included prominent commanders from among the Kalmyks headed by H. B. Kanukova and V. A. Homutnikovym, soon launched a large military-political work in the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army. Mission H. B. Kanukova and V. A. Khomutnikova Mongolia was highly appreciated by the Soviet government. For the successful execution of the job diplomaticheskogo in Tibet, associated with life-threatening, V. A. Khomutnikov January 2, 1925 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
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Process of formation and execution of the educational system, the educational and the Stavropol region educational practice the second half of XIX centuries

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The article discusses eventfulness charity in the macro context of education and upbringing and educational practices in the Stavropol region of the second half of the XIX century. Details are researched educational and awareness-raising charity association....
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Economic factors to reduce agricultural production and social programs in 1970 - first half of 1980s

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74-80   268

During the tenth and the eleventh five-year plan at the beginning of the Stavropol Territory in the industry there was a slight increase in the cost of production, which took place against a background of reduced productivity and increase the time spent on production of a conventional unit of the in...dustrial product. Crisis trends in the regional agricultural sector began to show in the second half of the 1970s, when an imbalance between total investments and total revenues amounted to about 32 %. For by strengthening labor discipline, the state of which raises serious concerns.
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ABOUT MATCHING STRATEGY MAPS TO UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

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The article presents the principles and the logic of the formation of a strategic map of the structural subdivisions of higher educational institutions. The strategic activities of the organization is seen as a set of management decisions on the positioning in the competitive environment, at the cho...ice of partner alliances, establish links with political, government and business organizations. The strategic map of the university consists of four projections: financial, customer, internal processes and component part of training and development. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) links the strategic goals of the university with the processes and daily actions of employees at every level of administration (institute, department, division), at the level of individual workers, and also allows you to monitor the implementation of the strategy. The article gives examples of strategic maps of the faculty and the department. In the process of applying BSC revealed new potential motivating influence BSC staff organization in the union collective efforts aimed at achieving the objectives of each unit, in the effective implementation strategy of the organization as a whole.
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Theoretical and methodological problems of the labor market

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The article describes the features of labor market research, reveals the theoretical and methodological approaches to study the basic problems in this sphere and explored ways to solve these problems....
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Talent management and fostering leadership - the key to successful development of a modern company

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Proactive HR professional currently is a competitive advantage and a strategic tool in the development of any professional activity. The rapid and dynamic processes in working with company personnel, what is happening in Western countries have a significant impact on the choice of priority direction... of work with some employees. "Talent management" in the enterprise, as a new concept for the Russian realities, changes the usual understanding of the functions of HR managers and translates the process of working with the staff on the rails of the strategic approach. In this regard, there is a need for a system allocation of the most valuable employees and the planning of personnel work for the target audience.
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State and prospects of development of irrigation ystems of the republic of Armenia

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95-101   266

The irrigation sector of Armenia suffers from the shortage of investments on the improvement of water and energy-effectiveness. The gap between the needs of farming and the powers of the irrigation systems of the country continues growing today, the loss of water in the irrigation canals exceeds 50 ...%. The necessity of the investments is stipulated by the consequences of the change of climate and the growth of water consumption, as farmers try to pass to the planting of more valuable cultures. The analysis of the state and prospects of the development of irrigation systems of Armenia is conducted and the necessity of the elaboration of a program on modernization of the development of irrigation systems of the Republic of Armenia has been substantiated in the article. The program on modernization and development of the irrigation systems of the Republic of Armenia foresees the replacement of the mechanical irrigation with the gravity flow stations, the restoration of trunk pipelines and the canals of the second category, the modernization of in-house distribution networks, the development of institutional possibilities of the Water Users Association. The implementation of the projects and programs on the development of irrigation systems in Armenia will allow to increase the security of functioning of the water economy entities, to increase the profitability and stability of the irrigated farming, as well as to decrease the volume of grants allocated to water users from the state budget.
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The effectiveness of agroleasing relations in astrakhan region

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The innovative way of economic development and technological modernization of the agrarian sector is possible with a steady supply of computers. The article examines problems of development of leasing relations in agriculture. Despite increased financial support for agriculture and equipping agricul...ture with advanced technical facilities remains low. The use of leasing agricultural equipment allows to solve this problem. The article analyzes the condition of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises in the Astrakhan region. Identifies the features of the reproduction of fixed assets in agricultural production in the region. Analyzed investment activity in agrarian sector of the Astrakhan region. The index is calculated leasing for investment evaluation processes of technical equipment and the index of the leasing activity in the Astrakhan region. The forecast index of leasing investments. Implementation of high-performance, high-precision energy-saving technologies, based on high-performance equipment will contribute to the growth of labor productivity in 2-3 times and reduce costs of material resources in agricultural production 1.5.
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The image of the bank in the minds of consumers: a comparative analysis of sociological research

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105-109   267

In article it is analyzed the factors forming image of banks in public opinion of Russians the conditions necessary for strengthening of its positive component are analyzed. The interrelation of image of banks and an assessment of their activity by the population is considered, the shortcomings and ...advantages influencing positive image of bank are allocated. In article structural elements of image of bank quantity and quality of the provided services and tariffs, service level, quality of service consistently are considered. The main basic indicator of image of bank is the opinion of the public on bank that is formed under the influence of two fundamental factors knowledge bank and experience of receiving financial services. In article trust degree as, the main indicator in structure of opinion of the public on the financial organization as on the basis of trust the client relations are under construction is analyzed. The main subjects of studying in article is research of opinion of Russians on processes of the banking services occurring in the market, including studying of feature of services and tariffs, segmentation of consumers, a service level assessment, and also loyalty of consumers and quality of service. In category of positive estimates, the population refers now availability of information and comfort of use of banking services that leads to increase in degree of appeal of banks. Consumers slopes to build the relations with banks on a long-term outlook at the high level of trust and transparency of its activity. Uncertainty in a choice of banking institution in general across Russia decreases, and trust level to a banking system grows. Researches of the Russian sociologists show that the population reliability of bank, level of control of participants of the relations, quality of service and favorable conditions excite. It proves that researches of this sort can help banks to conduct more correct policy taking into account needs of real clients and development of strategy and tactics of formation of positive image of bank in the opinion of potential clients
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Origins of post-soviet party system today

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The paper analyzes the genesis of political parties in the post-Soviet Russian society and determined the place they occupy in the political system during the transformation of the state. On the basis of the classical definitions of leading scientists partologs the role and place of political partie...s in the country provides a comparative analysis of the parties in the period. Various aspects of the formation of a multiparty system of the Russian society and its effectiveness in the development of civil society. The author shows the ideological eclecticism, which replaced the communist ideological monopoly and political pluralism of the 1990s., which led to a unique in all respects alloy authoritarian traditions and sovereign democratic innovation differ significantly from many Russian Eastern and Western countries. The study argues that the political party struggle and continue to apply the so-called the notorious В« administrative resourceВ» rather than a resource political parties themselves. The last general federal election campaigns have demonstrated a tendency of gradual transformation of election administrative procedures are controlled and monitored to ensure the continuity of power. It was concluded that further liberalization and democratization of the party building in Russia will directly depend on the maturity of civil society.
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Heterarchy as hybrid political institutions of a new political reality

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This article explains the development of new hybrid forms of political institutions as a result of the formation of a new political reality - a network of public policy. Formation of a network of public policy is an unfinished project of the non-linear, where institutional, procedural and technologi...cal components of the policy of acquiring network, synergistic characteristics, “germinating” on top of the routine practice of traditional public policy. This context is the formation of a network of public policy has led to the search of methodological approaches and explanatory models that are adequate to modern realities. The scientific knowledge there is a new methodological design “heterarchy” adequately explore societal changes in scientific knowledge. Explanatory power of the concept “heterarchy” began to be used in political and administrative science, where the system of public administration in hybrid organizational forms that differ from the typical hierarchical and market. The authors revealed that heterarchical organizational forms in the space of public administration is characterized by a single system in which the various actors within the dynamically changing balance of communicative relationships interact with one another. Based on empirical research the authors identify and characterize the mechanisms of heterarchies in the modern public policy. Analyzing the model of formation heterarchies, the authors concludes that arise in the new political reality of network public policy heterarchy are not only the result of hybridization of political institutions. Nevertheless, complex organizational models, enabling institutional environment of the state and civil society to adapt to the needs of each other in network interaction and in the framework of the partnership model of interaction based on a strategy of cooperation to search for innovative ways of their solution and implementation in practice of modern public.
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The article is devoted to the political-philosophical conceptualization of urban issues, namely, the consideration of “global cities” as an element of modern political space. It is shown that characteristics of the settlements of this type were crucial not only quantitative but qualitative param...eters, primarily the ability to accumulate resources, control material, technological, human and symbolic flows and provide a strategic space for the realization of innovative potential at national and global level. The article specifies the “global city” as a political community, compares it with the classic “policy”, defines its key political functions, as well as interaction with state government. The article shows the theoretical framework of political understanding the megapolis, identified the basic principles that provides an opportunity to capture the duality of the “global city”», which is at the same time constituent element of local and network structures. The article identifies a number of theoretical and practical problems arising in the functioning of the “global city” as an independent political actor: the contradictory nature of its position as the object of local governance and the subject of international relations, the complexity of political identification in simultaneous locations in national and global politics, the risks of policy of concentration of political resources and the political threats caused by specific type of population.
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Socially responsible business as a tool to embed ethical standards in the activities of Russian entrepreneurship

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In the article it is shown that in conditions when the society is in a transformational state, it is the cultural factor (the system of spiritual values, traditions, moral principles and norms, etc.) is of particular importance, is becoming a priority in the totality of the factors of development, b...oth economic and social. In modern conditions of Russian business must be substantially transformed in the direction of becoming civilized enterprise, focusing on the production of profitable products, but also socially relevant products and services. That last part is organically combined with his high sense of social responsibility towards society, which is a social factor in the Genesis of Russian business. Thus, the business implements its purpose as a social in the true sense of the words of institution of the society. A major factor in the implementation of Russian business, its social purpose is to accelerate the country's transition from the criminalized economy, with its corruption and legal nihilism to a social market economy with Russian specifics. The coordinating role of the state and technologies of multi-sectoral partnerships are socio-economic factors of becoming civilized business in Russia, for emancipist Russian business from power, remove its dependence on non-legal institutions, provide a climate of trust, respect to culture, the consolidation and stability of development of society and minimise social risks and shocks in the future. On this basis can be ensured steady progress towards its own model of post-industrial society as a fundamental systemic factor in the development of the business, and implemented system changes to the model of social responsibility of business, which is a major factor in the incorporation of moral and ethical principles internally as organic and necessary to the activities of entrepreneurship and the evolution of civilized business in Russia in General.
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The political activity and controversy of french intellectuals in the 20-30-ies of XX century

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The article is devoted to polemics and political activities of French intellectuals - Julien Benda, Paul Nizan, Romain Rolland, Henri Barbusse - which these intellectuals were in the 20-30-ies of XX century. The controversy associated with disputes about the betrayal and desertion, for the problem o...f the autonomy of intellectuals - one of the major problems of the relationship of intellectual and policy - develops into a debate about the attitude of intellectuals and the Communist party. Participation in numerous political organizations and activities associated with the Communist party, made by a number of French intellectuals, has been severely criticized by their colleagues. In 30-ies of XX century among the French intellectuals put forward the idea that the meaning of activities of the intellectual in politics, his most important political role is the protection of culture. This interpretation of the role of the intellectual is associated with the name Romain Rolland, in long discussions with the intellectual Communist Henri Barbusse were long before the release of the pamphlets of J. Benda formulated and solved many issues that haven’t found their resolution in the controversy around the works of J. Benda. In 1919 H. Barbusse, with the participation of R. Rolland founded the international independent from political parties organization of intellectuals - the group “Clarté” was aimed to involve in the political struggle of wide circles of the intelligentsia to withdraw them, bringing political education of the masses. This organization served as a prototype and model for all future unions of intellectuals pursuing the objectives of the fight against fascism and protection of culture. “Clarté” is the first fundamentally new movement of the intelligentsia and intellectuals, created for political purposes, but independent of political parties, organizations and figures, with its own ideological basis and purpose.
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The concept of political space in M. Foucault’s theory of power

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The article examines a concept of political space represented in M. Foucault’s works. The article shows the significance of links connecting the concepts of political space and “power-knowledge” as well as peculiarities of these concepts in terms of placing them in the context of Foucault’s ...classification of societies in his political theory. The concepts of sovereignty societies, discipline societies and control societies are examined in this respect. The article pays special attention to the ideas of panopticon and “political architecture” as the most important ones in terms of Foucault’s concept of political space in his theory of power.
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Becoming an information society as the basis for the development of legal and democratic state

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This article analyzes the formation and development of information society in the modern period of Russian statehood based on the legal framework and democratic principles. To date, the information sphere is an integral part of modern society, where it is impossible to imagine without the developmen...t of the Internet, the media, television and radio. The Russian Federation, in its public policy provides a number of measures and targets to ensure the development of the informational component of the Russian society. Each country is moving towards the information society their way from the initial turn, determined the current political, socio-economic and cultural conditions. The Russian Federation pursues an active policy to ensure the security of the information society, the individual and the state in general and marketing information inventions and social stability is the key to Russia's development in the future.
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Features and problems of modern migration processes in the Russian Federation (on the example of the Astrakhan region)

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The article analyzes problems, identifies causes and effects of migration on contemporary socio-political processes. Is a characteristic of modern migration policy, there has been a change of discourse, strengthening the political aspects. Special attention is paid to the state migration problems of... the Russian society and their regional manifestations on the example of the Astrakhan region. Fixed the need for a comprehensive solution to immigration problems. Determined the need for changes in the system of interaction between state and society for successful adaptation and integration of migrants in the host society and the further implementation of migration policy.
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Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of cross-border cooperation as a political process

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This article reveals the specifics of the main theoretical aspects of the process of cross-border cooperation, including consideration of the conceptual apparatus, as well as the major methodological approaches, models and types within the world of experience....
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Concept, role and importance of “soft power” in contemporary international relations

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The concept of “power” is one of the key at the same time the most controversial in the theory of international relations. Like most of the categories, the concept of “force” in international relations theory does not have a well-established, universally accepted definition. J. Introduction.... Hiring in the scientific revolution of the concept of “soft power” and the ensuing debates have only exacerbated the situation terminological ambiguity around this concept. This article attempts to indicate the general approaches to the formulation of the definition of the concept of “soft power”, which would allow, on the one hand, to draw a distinction between “soft” and “hard power”, and the other - to show its structural relationship and interdependence within the framework of foreign policy the activities of players in the international arena. Each of the above mentioned “forces” based on different resources. And the “hard” and “soft power” as the context requires, depending on its purpose can be derived from engaging any type of resources available to him, and more often - because of their combination. Of course, the existence of common values shared by the states, promotes cooperation between them, but is not a decisive factor. The behavior of the state is dictated primarily by its interests, rather than subjective factors.
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Demographic marathon of Russia and Europe: the problems of islamisation and voluntary childlessness

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This article reflects the results of a study of the demographic situation in Europe and in Russia in the context of current global changes. It assess the degree of dependence of young people’s reproductive behavior in certain regions on such factors as the growth of mobility, changing value orient...ations, the introduction into the consciousness of young people of non-traditional models of family, cultural and sexual behavior. We also consider the problem of islamization, sharply facing the countries of Europe, particularly Germany, and we also studied the trend of spreading the movement of voluntarily childless to Europe and Russia.
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Ethnic prepositions of the astrakhan pupils as a precondition to ethnic tolerance / xenophobia formation

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The article is devoted to the studying of Astrakhan pupils’ prepositions using Bogardus scale. The studied prepositions were analized as a predesposition to a certain behaviour towards the represantatives of other nationalities. Actual ethnic prepositions of Astrakhan pupils indicate the existance... of problems concerning the tention in interethnic interactions among the Astrakhan youth. This problem is extremly actual in case of the Astrakhan local populace attitude towards the North Caucasus peoples, the Roma and the Azerbaijanis. The most tolerant prepositions were commited in the attitudes towards the Ukrainians, the Belorussians and the Americans. The article also concerns the factors of formation of the pupils’ attitude towards other nationalities: a) the level of familiarity with represantatives of concidered nationalities; b) pupils’ view about the attitude of these nationalities towards them. The absence of directly dependent between the level of familiarity with represantatives of concidered nationalities and attitudes towards them was found. The studying of pupils’ views about the attitude of studied nationalities towards them allowed the author to designate the orientation (positive/negative) of the sources of information about the studied nationalities.
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Financial regulation of political parties of Canada as a component of campaign

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Any modern political party can't do without financial aid of the supporters and public groups supporting her. Time when influence of parties depended, first of all, on organization, enthusiasm of party members and political loyalty, passed long ago. To provide full functioning of the difficult party... mechanism and successfully to fight for votes, to parties, except mobilization of В« internal reservesВ», it is necessary to look for additional material sources of the existence, mainly at the expense of wealthy donors.
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The family as the basis for a national idea

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Modern family relations are in deep crisis today (guest marriages, civil marriages, maternal familieis, childfree spreading). The revival of spirit values and family traditions are the basis of national idea of the Russian Federation. Successful family must become support for the state and guarantee... of its stable development. The state should pay more attention to family and demography policy as demographic crisis may become a danger for national security of the country.
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National model of political modernization of Latin America: history and the present

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This article refers to the civilizational model of modernization in Latin America than in any other region of the world, describes the process of concealing the formation and functioning of country (national) micromodels....
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Social movements as part of social capital in foreign countries

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In the present article deals with the examples of the creation of social capital, social movements. For example, Italy is considered social capital of the Italian community, the generation of social capital, the potential impact on society. We consider the differentiation of volunteer and community ...initiatives, and their displacement in the area of political relations.
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The media freedom in Azerbaijan: problems and prospects of developmen

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The article is devoted to the main problems and prospects of the media development in Azerbaijan. In his article, the author draws attention to the problems faced by the media in the Republic of Azerbaijan related to the economic and political dependence of the media. The author relates to the posit...ive and negative trends in media freedom. As legal guarantees of speech and the press freedom, which ensure freedom of expression and the press were established in the country for the development of media freedom. The article describes the mechanisms of state support to develop media that cover a specific set of organizational, technical, legal, economic and other measures defined by state to ensure the speech freedom in society, people's right to receive objective information and independent media. The functioning of the independent media is one of the basic conditions for building of legal state and civil society and, considers that its impossible to use them in practice.
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Theory of network structures researching in formulating public policy

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The necessity of the use of methodological potential of a network approach in the study of public policy-making processes, which leads to the modern transformation of the public administration system of modern states. The author examines the complex network theories, the theory of a new type, where ...paradigmatic level there is a modular organization of the provisions of such research areas as network empirical analysis, game theory in the process of public decision-making, the theory of political mediation, symbolic interactionism, theories of social influence and social capital, reciprocal theory of social networks, the theory of political networks, the theory of new public management and administration, network theory of politics. To investigate the role of networks in shaping and implementing public policy in modern political science used synthetic theoretical constructs that help identify and characterize structural and procedural network components in the process of public decision-making; It proposed a modified typology of structuring networks around public issues at every stage of policy implementation. A study of network variables in the structural and procedural components making public government decisions allows us to introduce a new subject position in this process, which is implemented not only in formal legal regime, but also have informal practices and coordination of interests.
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Social echo of a migration drift in the European countries

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The article is devoted to migration and refugees in Europe, deals with the problems of misunderstanding between the refugees and the recipient population, the failed policy of multiculturalism. The PEGIDA movement (patriotic Europeans against the Islamization of the West) not only blames the immigra...nts for the problems of the European society, but also attempts to make the life of migrants unbearable. The European government makes every effort to maintain intercultural interaction, but the opinion of Europeans on the refugees and migrants and their attitude is quite different. Most of the inhabitants of Europe, have expressed their opposition to the flow of migrants to their country, explaining that with the additional expenditure of taxpayers and the threat of a humanitarian disaster, and at the same time, they have compassion for people who are fleeing from the war and need help.
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Regional policy and the development of local municipal government system

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The article examines the new regional policy in the political sphere, which is primarily aimed at strengthening democratic Russian state through the development of federalism and local municipal government. In Federal government tasks and powers are distributed between Federal bodies of state power ...and bodies of state power of subjects of Federation. To the classical scheme of “horizontal” separation of powers (legislative power - executive power - judicial power) adds a “vertical” separation between the state and its subjects.
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To the question of regional security establishment in the Middle East

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The article discusses the differences in establishing regional security in the Middle East, which are determined by historical reasons by the great powers, source opportunities and challenges. Analyzes the key features of the regional security environment, affecting configuration of power centers an...d contours of potential alliances in the region. Russia’s experience represented of establishing a non-aligned, multi-vector system of regional security.
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The article is devoted to the history of development of philosophical views on the nature and essence of policy. The author gives the analysis of features of evolution of the fundamental ideas and concepts which influenced process of formation of philosophy of policy and legal philosophy in modern p...olitical science. The author gives systematization and a periodization of the basic concepts development and the analysis of the main characteristics of philosophical and legal sections of political science.
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The idea of godmanhood as the resolution of the antinomy of ontological differentia of god and the world in the eschatological historiosophy of all-unity

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The article deals with the key problem for the understanding of the types of eschatological historiosophy views about the distinction of the two natures - the divine and the created. Author's contribution consists in the justification of a particular type of eschatological historiosophy that can be ...selected using criterion - the concept of God-manhood. For example historiosophical concepts S. L. Frank, L. P. Karsavin and S. N. Bulgakov describes how the idea of God-manhood allows to reconcile the antinomy of oneness and difference of God and the world in the eschatological framework of the historiosophy of the metaphysics of all-unity.
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The significance of “deliberative turn” in understanding of democracy in contemporary western political thought

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The article deals with the development of the ideas about the communicative model of democracy and the “deliberative turn”. This phenomenon of the western political thought and partly - of political practice emerged at the turn of the XX and XXI century. The author demonstrates the consanguinity... between this phenomenon and the previous understandings of democratic political process. The reasons, which led to the qualitative development of the communicative model in the mentioned period, are analyzed in the article. It is stated that in the context of the contemporary ideas of the development of the democracy the ideas of the deliberative description of the political process are relatively moderate and are intermediate maximalist (republican) and minimalist (liberal) ideas. The article examines conceptual models of deliberative democracy, special attention is paid to the analysis of the concept of S. Benhabib . The article analyses the opportunities and the limits of the practical application of the ideas of the deliberative democracy, the necessary conditions for its application and the problems connected with it.
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N.G. Chernyshevsky and G.V.F. Hegel: problem of method in philosophy

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This article discusses not only the development of N. G. Chernyshevsky materialism in philosophical and scientific knowledge, but also the great Russian thinker of the Hegelian dialectic. N. G. Chernyshevsky was one of the first not only in Russia but also in Europe understand the importance and sig...nificance of the dialectical method for the development of scientific knowledge, and stresses the need for its use in all spheres of the spiritual life. Dialectic is a key way to achieve true knowledge and contributes to its practical use. N. G. Chernyshevsky examines the practice as a philosophical category, as the criterion of true knowledge, as the ultimate goal of science. The article highlights the undeserved neglect on the part of historians of philosophy of great Russian thinker who in many ways was the forerunner. Marxist philosophy and the materialist dialectic.
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The specificity of spatiotemporal representations of the medieval people of Western Europe by A.Y. Gurevich

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The article analyzes the specifics of the spatiotemporal representations of the medieval people of Western Europe by A. Y. Gurevich. Being the successor of the research tradition of the French school of “annals”, a domestic researcher introduced into scientific use the term “categories of cult...ure”, offering theoretical and empirical basis for the concept of studying the mentality of the people of the medieval era by identifying the basic categories of their consciousness. This gives you the ability to understand different areas of social life of the era, as well as to explain the characteristic behavior of the investigated socio-cultural environment. Approach A. Y. Gurevich research content categories culture is based on detecting a coherent picture of the world of medieval people by appealing to the study of various factors affecting the mentality of the era. In addition, a holistic picture of the perception of space and time built as a result of submitting the researcher to earlier stages of development of Western European culture, thanks to which revealed deep layers of consciousness that affect the mentality of the people in the subsequent period (medieval), and taking into account the interaction of features of the thinking and worldview of the educated and illiterate part of the population.
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Alien as a monster: image of Russia in the western discourse

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“Own - Alien” opposition lies at the heart of any intercultural communications. It becomes a rather complicated chain of interrelated concepts “Own - Different - Alien - Enemy - Monster” wherein the choice of communicant's image depends on many curcumstances. Notion stereotypes about foreign... cultures play by no means important role in this process. They may show the range of images “Own - Monster” under certain circumstances wherein the Monster is a quintessence of a negative attitude towards the Alien. The Monster, represented in zoomorphic images, сarries out our fears. The objective of this article is a determining of stereotyped images about Russia wherein the Alien image changes into its extreme form - the Monster. The main method of research is phenomenological analysis. We used the most common, vivid and meaningful forms of monstrous images about Russia. They are an octopus and a bear. These images show the attitude towards our country as an unpredictable, that is able to hug to death, unstable, irrational, thus, dangerous one.
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Cultural security and factors of development of national alimental culture

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The article analyzes the role of alimental culture in the preservation of cultural security of the country. Taking in the consideration the fact, that food is one of the basic needs of human existence, it is easy to imagine how deeply food codes are rooted in the national culture. Using food metapho...rs are translated many important concepts that form the core of a national cultural identity. With the help of various examples the author demonstrate how alimentary culture acts as a tool of preservation or destruction of national culture. This is especially evident on the example of the so-called “food imperialism” with existence of expansion of a certain number of foods or dishes. All of this brings to life a reaction against the tradition of fast food from the population of some countries. This, in turn, leads to the emergence of new trends in national cultures that do not accept the tradition of fast food. This is clearly seen on the example of a modern international movement of “slow-food” that gave rise to new tendencies in the national culture of certain countries: slow science, slow tourism, slow-church, etc. But not always, this expansion is realized by native host culture. Often food code has been introduced with the help of quasi-ethnic products by quasi-ethnic images.
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Cultural identity of the mongolian peoples in the context of the theory “of non-western modernity”

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Article is devoted to the cultural identity of Mongolian peoples. The author proposes to explore the topic in the context of the theory of “non-Western modernity” and discussions about “Asian values”. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the phenomenon of nomadism as a special mod...el of social evolution, as a special economic system of Mongolian peoples. The necessity of the development of new theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of the cultural identity of Mongolian peoples from positions of “non-Western modernity”.
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FEATURES OF RELIGIOUS TRANSGRESSION ON FRONTIER

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This article analyzes the current moment in the spatial problems, the popularity of which is dictated by the interdisciplinary of this phenomenon. Particular attention is paid to the study of the concepts of “border” and “limit”. Through the use of post-modern approach, the authors were able... to show the relationship boundaries and transgression. The peculiarities of the concept of religious transgression. In addition, the article provides a contemporary interpretation of the concept of the frontier, which reveals it as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which includes a variety of aspects. The authors considered the manifestation of religious transgressions on the spaces of the frontier on the example of the Russian-Ukrainian border.
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The problems of cultural interaction in the conditions of a multicultural heterotopy

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The modern world represents dynamic, unstable transcultural structure, explanation of which perhaps only by means of the concept “heterotopy” which gives the chance of a new view on the habitual cultural phenomena. The heterotopny space is not a concrete place, it is rather multiple opportunity ...of its vision. The idea of other cultural spaces, their exarticulations, movement, extent in the settled world corresponds with the strategy of multiculturalism. And it inevitably brings a discourse “the Our - the Stranger” with its numerous problems. Identification of constructive tendencies of relationship with the Stranger especially actually for host countries in connection with process of “hybridization” of culture when the last often consists of incompatible parts, the extremely unstable and contradicting a traditional context. Practice of relationship “the Our - the Stranger” in heterotopny space proves as through a disruptiveness prism, as a constructibility owing to ambiguity of the heterotopy phenomenon. The cultural diversity is an indicator of space heterotopy, which is unstable by the nature, and if higher degree of “diversity”, that is more risks of the ethnoconflict situations which are quite often bringing this society on a disintegration side. However heterotopy spaces are capable to contain in themselves that, in fact, can't take place in them. If it occurs, such heterotopy space has steady structure which is at the moment effective.
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The image of the strange detective in the paradigm “foreign/other”

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The article defines the concept of “Detective” and the image of a model describing a “strange” detective as a recognizable typed character in the aspect of the basic socio-cultural binary opposition “Own - non-own”, which includes otherness appearance, professional activity, way of life,... and portrait speech characteristics. The factors determinating professional success of the “strange” detective are: 1) personal qualities, originality of thinking, eccentricity, the desire for self-realization and success, individualism and independence; 2) self-exaggeration of his activities, actions and personality in general.
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The problem of individuality in psychology: historical directions and the current models

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The article presents the theoretical basis of the study of individuality of personality. The authors examine the issues associated with the problem of of individuality in psychology, analyze the historical directions and modern research models. The main psychological schools solve questions about th...e essence of individuality, about the factors of individual differences on the basis methodological principles. In various areas psychology and personality theory are studied basic formal characteristics of individual differences as unique and original features of human. The domestic psychology is determined by several main areas of research of individuality. The first direction - differentially-psychophysiological - focuses on the biological, neurophysiological and psychophysiological aspects of individual differences in human. It studies the structural features of the body, nervous system and temperament. The second direction of research - personal - typological - connects the individuality with the typological peculiarity personality. This direction is highlights the individual style of human activity. The third direction is considering individuality as a unity of processes and mental states, as the interaction of internal and external life of human. Theoretical positions concerning the individuality in psychology indicate the complexity and versatility of this category. The special importance and relevance of a systematic analysis of the problem connected with contemporary social situation of human development in the information space.
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Fantasy as a simulacrum

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The author of this article substantiates the provision of simulation fantasy nature, based on the lack of a model-referent in fantasy and display in the works of fantasy a “secondary”, a non-existent reality. This approach allows us to consider this phenomenon of contemporary culture as a kind o...f simulacrum of the third order, according to the theory of French postmodern philosopher Jean Baudrillard's.
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Childfree as contra-cultural challenge to moderm russian society

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The article is devoted to study of the reasons of phenomenon “childfree” appearance. It is the community of so called non-parents who voluntary refuse from being parents. The parallel between social and cultural transformations in two countries: the USA and Russia is made. These transformations ...became fertile field for wide spreading of “free from children” idea. It is ascertained that both positive and negative changes in economical, political, social and cultural fields of the country may become the reason of social and psychological tension. It can provoke the shift of some people values including negation traditional notions of family, marriage and child-bearing.
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Between nature and civilization: cultural heritage and cultural security of the Chinese park

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Heterotopic space - is a term of M. Foucault, that implies a space in which a part of customary norms and laws are violated. Very often, such spaces becomes a threat to the traditional culture and its norms. For example, prisons and mental hospitals themselves are neither positive nor negative pheno...mena, but what is happening here differs from what happening outside. At the same time, heterotopic spaces have an important deterrent function - because, again returning to the example of prisons, if at the same time all people will get freedom, chaos will come outside of heterotopic space. Out of many heterotopic spaces we would like to highlight the Park as a separate space where chaos of nature and the orderliness of civilization are combined. French and English Park received a Special popularity in Europe, but for us Chinese Park is more interesting, as it represents not only a specific landscape environment, which can also be defined through the term “heterotopia”. Amazing combination of chaos and order allows chinese park to perform in the cultural landscape of China the function of preserving and transmitting of cultural heritage.
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Principles of nonlinear artistic mentality

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The paper considers matching and integrative principles of the artistic and scientific mentality. The basis for the study is synergetics - a theory of self-organization of the complex systems. The nonlinearityи of creative thinking can be understood differently. It can be either ambiguity in the in...terpretation of the works of art or complexity of the composite structure, or violation of the structural, genre and other canons. The concept of nonlinearity can be referred to a lot of modern techniques, developed in the musical and literary works, in particular, polystylistics. Such phenomenon of the contemporary art as a multiplicity of textsis analyzed in detail. Intertextual structures, as a rule, are visualized on the semantic level. Hypertext, as well as the structure of the “text-in-text” determine the composition of the artistic work.
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Concept “creativity” of the buddhism and Christianity

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The author considers that the first step to comprehension of value of other religions is their understanding in their own terms. At each religion the spiritual depths; each of them gives the unique answers to many fundamental questions exciting the person during his life. On the basis of fragments o...f sacred texts in article an attempt to comprehend traditions of interpretation of creativity in western (Christianity) and east (Buddhism) tradition is made.
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Nibelungs and psychoanalysts: freudian and jungian approaches to the analysis of “Das nibelungenlied”

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The article considers the attempts to analyze the medieval German heroic epos “Das Nibelungenlied” (“The Lay of Nibelungs”) by the representatives of Freudian and Jungian schools of psychoanalysis. Special attention is paid to the theory of American expert on the “Nibelungenled» Winder Ma...cConnell who, relying on key concepts of the identity theory by Karl Jung, offered a convincing analysis of psychological images of the characters of the poem and their motivations. The ideas of the article are illustrated with examples from the original text of the poem (manuscripts B and partially A) according to the Stuttgart edition of 1892, the literary translation of examples is given in Yu. B. Korneev's version.
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External and internal conditioning of motivation

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A key role in the formation of personality plays an understanding of the subject of how he is able to understand and monitor the implementation of their desires, as the need may be controlled based on a condition that the existence, at the expense of some internal features of human development takes... discernment of meaning of subjective and objective motivation, which is to that man is not enough knowledge about their needs, thereby impaired ability to detect an association between the need, objects and means of meeting the needs. The main objective of predetermined formulation and solution of specific research objectives: 1) to differentiate the meaning-mechanisms of internal and external motivation; 2) determine the sources of internal and external motivation; 3) to justify the link between the formation of primary and secondary needs and how this fact is reflected in the differentiation of the motivation. Methodological and theoretical basis for this article is substantionally-active approach to social and philosophical theory, according to which the motive is related to value preferences in human activity, and its essence is characteristic preference for something something. Along with this, the applied methods of comparative, structural and functional analysis. Several starting article is based on the works of contemporary domestic and foreign scientists: M. Weber, V. A. Ivannikova, P. L. Karabushenko, K. H. Momdjian, N. Luhmann.
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The song tradition in the lyrics of i. bunin

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The paper investigates the song lyrics of I. Bunin in the context of evolutionary changes that happened to the genre of songs in Russian poetry of the late XIX - early XX centuries. One of the constitutional processes of thinking through genre in the work of I. Bunin is the synthesis of the lyric so...ng and cleric song. The author of the paper emphasizes the role of the folk tradition and stylization in genre formation, the ratio of folk poetry and literary imagery in the song structure.
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The influence of postmodernism on the development of religious transgression

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The article analyzes the religious situation in the postmodern era. In particular, attention is paid to issues such as the change of motivations in the choice of religion, the influence of fundamentalism in different religious denominations and religious syncretism. All these factors have, in varyin...g degrees, influenced the development of religious transgression - socio - cultural phenomenon of our time. In the framework analyzed using the conducted a small survey associated with a number of world religions, both situations leaving the faith to return to the Church.
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M.Yu. Barshchevsky as carrier of elite speech culture

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In article the main components of elite speech culture are analyzed. On the example of speech strategy of M. Yu. Barshchevsky the language behavior of the carrier of elite speech culture is investigated....
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Council of elders as a sociocultural element in heterotopic space of astrakhan frontier (for example astrakhan tatars of Osypnoy bugor village)

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Originating in ancient times as a political and social management body in ethnic communities, the Council of Elders has undergone enormous changes, but remained in the new form. This article discusses emerged quite recently a managing body of the Astrakhan Tatars Osypnoy bigor village, as the Counci...l of Elders. The author analyzes its activities from a position of heterotopic spaces of Astrakhan frontier that allows us to emphasize its main features, functions and place in the heterotopic space.
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“Confessional Alien”: alimentary and vestimentary markers

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A religious affiliation is the most important one out of all identifying characteristics of the Alien at the categorical level. Different faith may deeply set us apart rather than different ethnic affiliation. In the confessional sphere conflicts between the representatives of “own” ethnic group... were the most violant and of long continuance. In the article we do not touch upon worldview peculiarities and contradictions of interconfessional communications, we analyzed two important markers of “the Alien”: confessional alimentary and vestimentary culture. The main research methodology is a comparative analysis of vivid marker characteristics. In the confessional sphere they have their own features and sometimes they become a “brand name” one or other religion in the modern life. They unite people at the visual level, they mark them as their “own” ones and at the same time they (in alimentary culture) attract representatives of other confessions, focused on a healthy lifestyle.
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The cultural image of the astrakhan region in the perception of the local population

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The article analyzes the factors shaping the image of the region, analyzed the conditions necessary for the strengthening of its positive component. The cultural image of the region is formed on one side and the other constructed image of the region, created a set of stable objective and subjective,... emotional and rational judgments, beliefs and stereotypes about the socio-cultural features of the area. The image is fixed in the region of mass and individual consciousness manifests itself in relation to it, has an impact on the migratory behavior of the residents within the region and beyond its aisles. The image of the region is systemic and multidimensional index, which lends itself to high-quality and difficult to quantify. Interest in the issues of forming the image of cities and regions agreed with the need to develop informational, economic, social and cultural potential of each territory. This article series discusses the main factors shaping the image of the region, the mechanism and the principles of its construction. The results of concrete sociological research aimed at identifying the main elements of the cultural image of the Astrakhan region and the attitude of local people towards them. The study identified the main cultural symbols and brand in the region, the population's attitude to the objects of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage, highlighted the advantages and disadvantages that affect the image of the Astrakhan region, revealed age-dependence in the socio-cultural behavior of the population. The authors conclude that the positive image of the region has been an important subjective factor contributing to stimulate the rapid development of the territory and its tourist and cultural potential.
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The eliteoriented self-identity of a person: the problem definition

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The article poses the problem of research of psychological readiness of the individual to eliteoriented self-determination for the first time, it discloses its basic structural components (cognitive, motivational, affective, behavioral, personal)....
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Questions of evolution of modern belarusian political elite

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In the article the major questions of functioning of the Allied state are examined in the conditions of geopolitical crisis. An author spared large attention to transformation of looks of belorussian elites and contrelites,to the political system of Belorussia in modern terms....
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The elite and the war: the falsification of victory and defeat

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In the history of humanity the war has always played a key role. It was an exceptional event in the life of a single person and a standard course politicians zavedshih situation in the conflict impasse. War changed the face of the world, the political map, moved to new places and people of culture, ...turned the pages of the history of entire eras. Human history was written in blood, for humanity behaved very foolishly, sometimes simply inhuman. All this happened because of the war that fueled the forces of our В« beast-likenessВ» and the general propensity for violence. That is the fight against violence in ourselves is the main essence of pacifism. The process of humanization of humanity has always stumbled over potholes wars and social revolutions. And the main idea of a provocateur and a conductor of the war was is and will be the political elite,
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The elitology of education: the current state of a problem and prospects of its future development

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Modern higher education reforms are against strengthening the position of elite educational institutions. The issue of the quality of education is a matter of fact, the prospect of producing a new professional elite. This edition of the elite specialist becomes the main indicator of the efficiency a...nd quality of work of the university. This test determines the quality of the evaluation of the university and the faculty. But this process is very laborious and lengthy in time. It requires a high availability of educational technologies, and best practices of certain traditions on their use. The latter implies a profound psychological and cultural restructuring of public awareness and change of attitude to this kind of educational institutions.
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Democracy and war: the paradox or the regularity?

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The article discusses the relationship between the two phenomena of political life: “war”and “democracy” in the course of historical development of society. The author analyses the causal and other relations that connects them. He attempts to justify the regularity of the presence of war in ...all types of societies, including democratic ones, and to find the grounds for its eventual disappearance (the concept of democratic peace, etc.). Special attention is paid to the question of possibility of complete elimination of wars in democratic governance. He considers the validity of the democratic peace theory, which is one of the key prerequisites of building a doctrine of U. S. foreign policy. The article presents the views of various authors about the possibility of eliminating war. The impact of globalization on war and military conflicts are an important time of the study. The paper considers the possibility of existence/disappearance of wars in the future.
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Social protection of children during the great patriotic war (on materials of Stalingrad region)

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The article analyzes the main directions of social protection of children during World War II as an example of the Stalingrad area. Attention is given to orphans and children whose parents had fought at the front. Considered acts of central and local authorities, dedicated to the support of motherho...od and childhood, strengthening financial support for families, including many children. Considered measures to prevent child neglect and crime prevention children. The problems of the evacuation of children from areas of operations, in the rear of the unit, related difficulties. The author shows the characteristics of public care institutions of Stalingrad during World War II, after the beginning of the restoration of the city. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties in the work of children's homes in the period under review and the effectiveness of measures to protect children. The author concludes that the relevance of the issues related to the implementation of the state policy on children at any stage of historical development.
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New view on the “eternal” problem. Review on the book: “Revolution as concept and event”

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Meritocracy dreaming and reality - book review Hayes, Christopher. Twilight of the Elites: America After Meritocracy. Crown Publishing Group (NY), 2012. - 304СЂ

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