Issue 2013 No. 3 (36)

Аnalysis of the information about archaeological heritage along the low Volga frontierin the sources of XVII–XVIII centuries

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The paper analyzes the data of written sources of XVII–XVIII, concerning the location of the medieval settlements and burial grounds. That sources left by travelers and merchants, as well as officials of the Russian kingdom. The author considers the "Walking to Persia of merchant Fedot Kotov", "Book... of Big Drawings", as well as materials of two travels to the Lower Volga of academician P.S. Pallas. Were able to identify two of the earliest mentions of Samosdelka settlement in the Volga delta, the many nameless mound groups, as well as to find that the sources contain surprisingly little information about Selitrennoe settlement - the most significant monument of Astrakhan regional archeology.
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The appearance of Kalmyks in the lower Volga region and the beginning of their military service for Russia

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This article is dedicated to the history of appearing of Kalmyk nomads in the Lower Volga region. In the beginning of the XVII century the Kalmyk nomad camps migrated from the steppe of Central Asia to the towns of South Siberia then moving to Volga while pursuing the Nogais. The arrival of Kalmyks ...into the interfluves of Jayiq and Volga did not meet the interests of Russia and alarmed local Astrakhan war chiefs. However, they did not enough military power to stop the nomads. Therefore, the Russian authorities required to set hostages free. Already in 1642 the Kalmyks appeared near Don and set contacts with local Cossack chieftains. After two years a crucial event took place – the Kalmyk leaders, Tayshis, launched a military campaign over Volga against the Nogais who wandered on Terek together with Nogai princes, Mirzas. During the 40-s, the Kalmyks held a series of negotiations on which they proved that it was impossible for them to return over Volga. The situation changed only in the first half of the 50-s when they were engaged in the war against Poland.
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The activity of the soviet authorities in Kalmykia on the issues of abolition of illiteracy and ignorance among adult population

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The present article is devoted to the issues of abolition of illiteracy in Kalmykia. The government program of mass illiteracy negotiation and a great social movement aimed at its realization are taken into account. The main accent was given to the illiteracy negotiation among the adult population o...f the employable age of 16-45. In the greater part of residential places of Kalmykia before the revolution there were no schools and educational establishments, which excluded the effective fight with illiteracy. The problem of illiteracy eradication was also much complicated by the fact that there was lack of not only schools for adults, but also lack of usual schools. The campaign against illiteracy among non-Russian population was coordinated by the Department of national minorities at People’s commissariat for education. The school curriculum included grammar, reading and writing, compulsory introductory course on political primer, basics of agrotechnology, veterinary, sanitary and hygiene.
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Historical choice of the Kalmyk people in the Great Patriotic War

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The article discusses the problem of Kalmyk people`s deportation. In Soviet historiographies this subject was a little studied. The Soviet authorities didn’t allow extensive discussion on this problem. The reasons of the collaboration in the Great Patriotic War period weren’t studied also. After 199...1 many researches on this problem began printed, many of its has provocative character. Authors didn’t study the collaboration reasons, they both condemned or supported its. It results its come to interethnic intensity and the international conflicts. The author considers that the reasons of the collaboration were political, social-economic, national and religions factors. In spite of the Soviet authorities adopted a unreasoned policy, many of the Kalmyk people gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.
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Problems of graduates’ employment of secondary vocational education system during 1990th (on the materials of the lower Volga region)

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The problem of youth’s employment has a special tension during both development of market relations in Russia in 1990th and the abolition of the Soviet graduates’ distribution system. On an example of secondary specialized educational institutions in the Lower Volga region are shown the basic ways t...o solve a problem of graduates’ employment. The special attention is given to the activity of educational institutions, which was directed on guaranteeing of employment for the future experts. Such variants of graduates’ employment are analyzed as a target contract personnel training, system of contracts with the enterprises, visits of young experts on regional employment agencies. As a result are shown the main factors influencing on a condition of a labour market in region and employment of young experts.
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State policy in the field of civic education in the Russia

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The article studies the main directions of state policy in the field of civil education in the 2000-2013. And the priorities of the state educational policy through the prism of hastorical context are charaterized....
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From the history of the bread loan of the year

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The article is dedicated to the research of the development and realization of an internal loan in Soviet Russia – the Bread loan. Continued economic recessions together with political instability in the country were the purpose for Bolsheviks to use pre-revolutionary experiment of money search for ...reforms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the financial policy of Bolsheviks during the first years of the Soviet regime, to estimate the role of inner credit system as the source of financing of the budget and to determ the peculiarities of the Bread loan in comparison with other loans of previous period. The author comes to a conclusion that despite the concerns of the necessity of the loan, the People’s Finance Commissar G. Sokolnikov was able to realize it, obtain great results and people’s faith thank to full realization of his obligations.
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The social policy of the Russian federation in 1990s and its impact on the Russian society (regional aspect)

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In the article the development of the Russian state social policy and social relations in the 90s of the XX century is analyzed through the example of the Lower Volga Region. The author gives the comparative analysis of the social policy officially declared by the government and that reality which a...ctually took place in the society at that time. The author studies the reasons and dynamics of the new social differentiation and specifies the main points of the socio-economic tension as well as socio-political conflict existing in that period; the author analyses benefits and drawbacks of the social policy of the country in 1990s as well as the degree of their influence on the life of the citizens; he shows the dynamics of the development of the social processes through the example of a certain Russian region – the Lower Volga Region. The analysis of the social stratification at the time of radical socio-economic reforms of the post-Soviet time is also given in the article. The period from 1991 to 2000 coincides with the crisis and fall of the socio-political system of the Soviet society. The end of the period falls at the change of the political elite of the 90s and transfer of the Russian social policy from liberal-democratic reforms to authoritarian-democratic ones designed to reinforce the vertical power system of the governance and decrease social tension of the society. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that 1990s became the epoch of the change of the socialist paradigm towards liberal-democratic concepts. From the second half of the decade it took more and more specific Russian features.
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Astrakhan Orthodox missionaries late XIX – early XX centuries

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The missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church with respect to the Old Believers and sectarians in the late XIX – early XX centuries in areas remote from the center of the dioceses of the empire, such as Astrakhan, was done by the local diocesan missionaries and often held only by the enthus...iasm of the latter. The article told about the activities of the two Astrakhan missionary priests who conducted anti-old believerian and anti-sectarian work in the province at the turn of the century.
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Abaza in Syria and Jordan

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The goal of the investigation is to formulate the place and the role of Abkhazian people in social life of Syria and Jordan. The article deals with the history of occurring diaspora of the northen Caucasia....
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Public values of Russian electoral process

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Modern studies of public values provide us to study public values of particular spheres of public policy. The study offers a definition of public values of the Russian electoral process. Enshrined in the law principles of elections can be characterized as formal public value of the electoral process... in Russia. In the 2000s the transformation of public values of elections in Russia from values «Managing Down» to values «Managing Up». There is an emasculation of liberal public values of elections in Russia. Attempts are made to the implementation of new imitating public values. Most of the population is adherents of the liberal values of the electoral process.
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Activities of the regional parliament on legal regulation of economic policy in the Astrakhan region in 2000–

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The article considers legislative support for regional economic policy of the Astrakhan region in 2000–2006. In the 2000-ies. comes a dramatic intensification of the legislative activity of the Astrakhan region. In comparison with 1990, the regional legislative activities have become more diversifie...d and detailed. Formed considerable legal framework in the areas that are in the 1990’s. remained without sufficient attention legislators.
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Compulsory voting: international experience and features of election practices

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The article deals with compulsory voting, which is used in a number of countries around the world. The peculiarities of legal regulation of compulsory voting, the sanctions for failing to vote. The views of proponents and opponents of compulsory voting....
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The Civil Society and the State in John Keane’s Conception of Democracy

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This article is dedicated to the analysis of the normative interrelation and interaction between a civil society and a state in the conception of democracy of Australian political philosopher John Keane. This issue is relevant to Russia to the extent that the task of forming the effective civil soci...ety, which is actually able to control the activity of the state power, remains relevant. The author of this article shows how John Kean is looking for the relevant to the time answers on questions about the necessary role of the civil society; he characterizes the conception of John Keane as the minimalistic one, which connects the democracy to the number of necessary procedures, which, however, is very sensitive to the contemporary problem of flexibility of the decision making, real and broad pluralism, democratic control and real accountability of a state power, as well as to the problems of the formation of the sufficiently consolidated civil society on a global scale.
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Ways of government regulation and the factors of Russian education: current practice, issues and trends

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The article considers the modern processes of state management of the Russian education system taking into account national and international experience and practice. The author attempts to analyze the degree of implementation and recent legislative documents in the field of education based on the l...atest statistics. It is identified positive and negative regulatory factors and causes of the educational process with the presented findings and recommendations to the author.
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The role of power structures and national public organizations in ensuring ethnic and religious stability of the multicultural region

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The article considers the role of national authorities and civil society organizations in ensuring regional stability, ethnic and religious, multi-cultural diversity and the preservation of international peace in a multicultural region. Only joint efforts and activities on the settlement of ethno-po...litical conflicts can be the key to ethno-political world and will contribute to the establishment of tolerant relations in the region.
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“Soft power” of information society

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In the information society is dominated by not one who has the largest military force or amassed the greatest wealth, and the one who owns large amounts of information (knowledge) and applies them successfully. Thanks to the technological revolution, knowledge, including scientific, becomes the basi...s of power in the information age, dominating power and wealth. Changing and the very appearance of power – refusing a direct and brutal rule, it takes more mild forms of influence and domination.
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The proclamation of the establishment of “islamic state of Iraq”and debate among Islamists on the issue of the caliphate

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The paper is devoted to the study of the history of «Islamic State of Iraq» and debate, which was caused among Islamists by the establishment of this political organization. The author describes the arguments of supporters of «Islamic State of Iraq» and their opponents. The conclusion of the study i...s that Islamism, including ideology of jihadi salafits, characterized by a large number of cleavages. This thesis is confirmed by the abundance of Islamist criticism of “Islamic State of Iraq”. The study shows that a serious debate among the Islamists is provoked by the question of the caliphate.
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National information policy of Canada: the political and legal aspects of regulation

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This article is an attempt to explore the components of information policy in Canada and to analyze the political and legal mechanisms of its regulation. This problem seems relevant in connection with the transfer of the majority of the information society. The introduction of information and commun...ication technologies in the delivery of public services is becoming and innovative instrument of the state, and the instrument of its modernization. Canada is one of the first state declared policy of building the information society and an information policy. In this sense, Canada is one of the pioneers of, respectively, the Canadian experience in this part simply priceless. The analysis of this experience is possible to identify the major milestones of political and legal regulation of state information policy in Canada. Particular attention is given to the program "Information Highway". The article also presents statistical data revealing to analyze the level of activity on the right of access to information among the various sources of citizens’ requests. The authors reflect on the role of the state in the development of the information space of the state.
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The end of history anglo-saxon model of global development

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The global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2011’s. stirred up not only the stock exchange and banks, but also spawned a powerful anti-capitalist social movement, has caused lively scientific discussion about the fate of the world in general. The collapse of the pillars of the industrial world,... will mean changing the criteria of life, including social and political. Developing at the present time the global financial and economic crisis, the author is inclined to regard as a crisis of transition, which marks the shift of the industrial era the era of post-industrialism.
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Youth association public in modern Russia: an analysis of social research

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The sociological analysis of youth associations destroys the stereotype of young people as a homogeneous social group. The article presents a comparative analysis of sociological research to identify trends of today’s youth display of activity. Data received during the author’s research, expand repr...esentation of the attitude of students to youth voluntary associations. The authors come to the conclusion that young people (for example, university students Astrakhan) feel the need to participate in social activities.
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Features of the formation of image gymnasia

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The article discusses the concept of the image of an educational institution, especially its formation. The problem of creating an image of educational institutions becomes relevant in the modern world. Educational institutions understand that in a competitive education market needs a positive image... of the institution. However, in practice, own mechanisms and methods of its formation and maintenance are not many institutions. The article discussed in detail the reasons for creating an image of an educational institution, its role, the impact on the reputation of the school. The authors provide an analysis of the study shows the image and the approaches and features of its image building on the example of the gymnasium
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Homosexualism: “the other” in the family and “another” family

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In the given article the problem of homosexualism in the context of family is viewed and some ways of its solving are marked. The review of principal investigations devoted to reasons of homosexuality and behavior features of sexual minorities and monosexual couples is made. The character of problem...s touching a family with a homosexual member and the difficulties meeting monosexual families in the modern society is described.
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Conflictogenic factors and new challenges of ethnopolitical stability of the Southern regions of Russia and Caspian Sea region

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The article is devoted to modern geopolitical processes in the south of Russia in sector of the Caspian region. The author analyzes new threats and risks of ethnopolitical stability of the region on the basis of the last data, taking into account the conflictogenic factors and migratory flows. There... are shown tendencies and prospects of the interethnic relations in the light of the decisions made in the country.
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Factors of form extremism

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The aim of this investigation is explore of complex of factors of forms intolerance and extremism in youth movement. The authors investigate main types of extremism, internal and external factors of forming of this one, such us war-politic, economic, social-cultural, psychological, educational and g...enerational. The author analyzes these factors in a context of a modern situation in Russia which quite often is represented in the form of falsifications from various political forces.
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Discourse of extremism in the religious aspect of social security

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The article describes the objective foundations of recruiting young people into extremism through information manipulation narrative of justice and the nature of faith, which ensures effective absorption of youth distorted pseudo-religious slogans and meanings in the potency of the individual is wil...ling to take part in a radical redesign of social reality.
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Youth political extremism (for example, users on the network “in contact”)

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The manifestations of political youth extremism cause a wide resonance in the society, including the cyber society, such actions are considered socially dangerous. The article provides a sociological analysis of public opinion aimed at understanding political extremism, to figure out the main reason...s of extremism among young people and to identify effective ways of preventing youth extremism. The authors conclude that the main effective way of preventing extremism is a constructive dialogue between the government and the opposition, as well as dramatic changes in social and political life, the development of democratic institutions.
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Platonism as a mighty spiritual movement (operating Florenskii “Sense idealism”)

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The paper presents an analysis of the works of the famous Russian Platonist P.A. Florensky, "The Meaning of idealism" under consideration foreshortening of Platonism. Attention is paid to the complexity of an adequate understanding of what is Platonism, despite the fact that the term is known to all... educated people. Emphasize the importance of Platonism for the spiritual culture of mankind.
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Kosmologichesky sense of creativity

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In article the tradition of interpretation of creativity as updatings of the potentialities put in Space (Heraclitus, Socrat, Platon, Aristotle) is investigated. The person plays in this case a role of the intermediary and doesn’t realize itself as a source determining the purpose and problems of cr...eativity, predicting results of creative activity. This treatment prevailing during an era of antiquity, though doesn’t exclude existence of the purpose of creative activity, but as a source approves force which isn’t specifically human (Space).
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Elitology culture of person: the statement of the problem

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In this work we can see three types of culture (traditional, elite and mass) which are understood as three types of strategy of social life and social management. Special attention is paid to the analysis of elite culture as the most creative element of culture as a whole. One of important indicato...rs of elitism in practice is its orientation to elite values and qualities. The elite orientation of person’s activity is shown in the intellection and moral position. The cognitive thinking is one of the most important indicators of elitism out of which the specific personality can’t be considered as exclusive, chosen, the best.
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Motivational criteria of a phenomenon “elite” in the conditions of society modernization

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As society in the technical and information plan develops, the person loses the independence in the choice of living conditions and becomes the one of many consumers of endless benefits imposed by the industry of services. In such conditions of social modernization there was a phenomenon "elitism" w...hich became the reason of the distorted understanding of elite as the elite by status and material position in society. In this regard there is actual an identification of motivational criteria of elite to differentiate this concept from the concept "elitism". If proceeding from understanding the structure of human motivation from the point of view of substantsional-active paradigm in the social and philosophical theory, criteria have to correspond to the major incentive - ideal factors of human activity: cognitive (informative); valuable; design; reactive.
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Modern trends in the functioning of the political elites in a democracy (for example, Italy)

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The second half of XX century is characterized by the development of social relations, which involves a change in the structure of political elites, the emergence of new types of elites, their active engagement, new factors influencing the political sphere as a whole. However, they have both positiv...e and negative effects. An example of this factor may be mediatization policy. Also the communication methods of elites and the masses are changing, which is caused by the need to adapt the political elite to the new conditions. In the framework of campaign communication strategies are especially important to win votes.
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Dependence of “the own” social advertisement on “the other” free perception

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The specifics of Russian social advertisement is considered in the article. It’s done from the position of constellation, which determines the character of freedom and dependence of “the other” ways of presentation “the own” mental priorities. Democratization processes affected on Russian mentality ...varied relationships between informants. Besides traditional values based on moral and ethics dependences another type of relations comes to modern society. Free dependence is not found on moral and ethics principle, but based on self-estimation and self-sufficiency of an individual. For the reanimation of social “feelings inflation” social advertisement which reveals the main points of tenderness of modern society is used.
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Homoeroticism and homosocial desire in British costume TV series

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The article analyzes the way homosocial male bonds are represented in British costume TV series and the function played by their homoerotic content. Ambivalence in homosocial interactions of characters, openness of some of the scenes and conflicts for the interpretation in a sexual key are marketing... means to increase the ratings with the audience.
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“Childfree” ideology as a social consequence of international conflict

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The article is devoted to investigation the national features of “childfree” ideology, spread by the representatives of “free from children” movement, people who voluntary refuse from being parents. Besides some typical behaviour and motivations for “childfree” all around the world, native non-paren...ts show specific national characteristics and reasons of their choice. One of these reasons is economic and social instability because of international conflict.
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Representation of a national holiday as a par of the conservation of cultural memory

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In this article the author examines and analyzes the role and significance of the national holiday as an element of cultural memory. Festive culture of different peoples of the world is a collection of ritual and ceremonial practices, traditions and norms of the main celebrations, specific to a part...icular society. National holidays perform many important functions, including such as communications, consolidation, the function of socialization of people, patriotic, cultural, leisure and many others. The author studies the structure and function of the examples of the national holiday celebrations held in the Astrakhan region. In modern culture is a substantial modification holiday: decreases the degree of formalization, develops industry festive symbols, enhanced utilitarian celebration and, above all, due to the marketing load when the holiday advertising is faced problems of its organizers and sponsors.
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Analysis of cultural integration processes of Russia in the world community

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Relevance of the chosen topic due to the fact that at the present stage of the dynamics of Russia is largely determined by the globalization processes. The contradictory nature of globalization is that it can serve as a basis for the idea of progress, which contributes to the homogenization of the w...orld and cultural universalism and ideas of the world’s diversity, multiculturalism. Such contradictions generate ambiguous manifestations in local cultures, including in Russia. The article attempts to analyze the main aspect of the integration process in the prevailing scientific developments in the study of the processes of integration of Russian culture in the world space - critical, positivist and syncretic.
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The influence of the information society on the development of tourism

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The article analyzes some aspects of transformation of tourism under the influence of the information society. After a brief theoretical analysis the conclusion is made that tourism information and saturated activity, almost completely dependent on the images, descriptions, communication and informa...tion transfer. Based on this, singles out feature is the link centre holding various producers within the tourism industry is information. Hence so high popularity of tourism in the modern information society.
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Strangers in a strange land: the Russian community in Xinjiang, and its interactions with the local peoples

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Russian community in a North-Western Chinese province of Xinjiang has made a considerable contribution to the historical and political development of this region, as well as in economic and cultural life of Xinjiang. However, in 1960, almost all Russians left Xinjiang for Western countries or the So...viet Union. In the 20th century, the Russian represented the major part of the local middle class and small businesses because of their absence among the indigenous population. Their relations with the Uighurs, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and the Chinese have varied according to time and situation, but in general, were quite complex phenomenon. The Western European, Russian and Chinese historians formed different interpretation of the development of the Russian community and its contribution to development of Xinjiang.
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Intercultural Communication on the Frontier 67 and beyond Frontier (Comparative Analysis)

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Systems of intercultural communications depend on many factors, e.g. the history of the cultural landscape formation in the area of communication. On frontir areas the specificity ofcommunication lies both in the mobility of borders and the special position of the Other/Stranger in a multicultural s...ociety. It is generally a little different than on non-frontier areas. Thus different systems of cultural safety were formed in different local cultural landscapes. The article presents a comparative analysis of the current nature of intercultural communication through the prism of the relationship with a Stranger in the capital of the Russian Federation and in the southern Russian frontier, Astrakhan City. The article shows how a traditional, historically evolved system of relations with other ethnic groups shapes the most tolerant forms of intercultural communication in order to avoid open conflicts.
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The frontier stages typology through the prism of gender interethnic relations: the Wild West and Low Volga historical experiences

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The article analyzes the woman’s role in the cultural dialog in different periods of frontier relations. The authors consider that the analyses of this role helps us to define different periods of frontier: early frontier, frontier and postfrontier, because her status is different in each period tha...t means that her role in the intercultural communication is also different. The articles also shows some analogues in the frontier relations on the Wild West and the Low Volga region.
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Historical Hermeneutics: falsification, verification, truth

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Falsification takes too important place in the life of the individual and society to be ignored by modern science. This value increases as the basis of qualitative growth of the information society, where the problem of verification of information is particularly relevant topic. The most effective ...way of checking and criticism of false information is a hermeneutical method. Hermeneutics allows us to look deeper into the text and also inward personality of its author. Only through the analysis of the author’s personality is possible to come to an adequate understanding of the, created by him. The information society will increasingly need the verification of the information, more than its availability.
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Eschatologism and utopianism in historiosophy of culture:on the question of the possibility of falsification of the values of consciouness

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This article examines one of the aspects of the mechanism of possible falsification in the formation of spiritual values. The author explores these issues in the context of the relationships eschatologism and utopianism in the historiosophy of culture that can be considered in turn as one of the met...hodological criteria to determine the trends of development of the spiritual sphere. Knowledge of the mechanism of the falsification of spiritual values will in turn develop the necessary strategies in the sphere of spiritual security, including at the regional level. The understanding of the essence processes of the falsification in the spiritual sphere is of great importance in the preservation and revival of traditional culture of the country as a whole and of its various regions.
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Contribution to a problem about inclusion of the Astrakhan branch of RN in processes of modernization of the region

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The purpose of the given article is studying opportunities of the Russian sea register of navigation to promote the processes of modernization proceeding in the Astrakhan region at the present stage. The author considers the primary goals of modernization spent by Peter the Great on boundaries of XV...II-XVIII centuries then the author carries out the parallels with the present-days and establishes the connection between a condition of the Russian fleet and the status of the country on the international scene. The purpose and the basic directions of activity of the Russian sea register of navigation as the classification society are also disclosed, the society having the international recognition and capable to decide tasks formulated in the sea doctrine of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020. Activity of the Astrakhan branch of the Russian sea register of navigation is in detail considered for achievement of the purpose of research. The basic directions of activity of the branch are determined; supervision of courts in ship-building and operation and also supervision above the industrial enterprises; specificity of development of the region: development of oil and fish resources of the Caspian Sea being taken into consideration too. All this taken together in many respects provides safety of navigation and strengthens a world situation of Russia as sea power. Difficulties and search of alternatives at studying documents of the register is paid our particular attention. The author comes to the conclusion that technical opportunities and personal potential of the Astrakhan branch of the Russian sea navigation allow it to influence effectively the ship-building and ship-repairing industry of the Astrakhan region with the purpose of its modernization.
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The ideological aspect of the power-opposition relations, as an element of the political modernization of the modern Russian

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The paper analyzes the features of the political opposition in Russia, defines the role and the importance of the ideology in the political process of the country. Conceptual map of political forces in Russia has been drawn up according to each electoral cycle....
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Political socialization of youth subculture

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The article is devoted to problems of the introduction of youth during a public life of Russia. Political socialization is considered as an element of youth subculture. Opportunities of becoming of political culture of young men in conditions of globalization are considered. Low efficiency of politi...cal influence of the state bodies on becoming and development of youth subculture is emphasized.
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«Power vertical» and system of a rekrutizatsiyaof the Russian political regional elite

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In article the assessment of the regional policy which is carried out by the central power is given. Influence of strengthening of "power vertical" on formations of the regional political power is noted. Mechanisms of interaction of federal and regional political elite are considered. Among instrume...nts of interaction of elite of different level the special place is given to a party role. Thus in article it is noted that despite serious influence of the federal authority, serious interaction with regional elite it did not develop.
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Reintegration of subjects of the Russian Federation at North-west Caucasus: the political dimension

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Identified risks and opportunities for the reintegration of subjects of the Russian Federation at the North-West Caucasus in 2003-2013. Determined the positions of subjects of ethnopolitical conflicts over merging regions, reveals reasons by nomination of alternative integration projects; reasoned m...easures of territorial conflict de-escalation.
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The main stages of the modern state policy in the field of interaction with civil society organizations (with materials the Lower Volga): attempt periodization

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In article attempts periodization stages of formation of state policy of the Russian. Federation in the field of interaction with civil society. As a criterion of periodization are the laws. In the analysis of the legal framework takes into account historical experience. At the turn of XX-XXI centur...ies, Russia has experienced a general crisis of statehood, had again, on an entirely new basis, establish the legal framework in terms of interaction with civil society. In this regard, the unique historical situation due to the following features: the growth of separatism, ethnic and religious identity, formation of legal culture, the selection of paths of development of the country. Lower Volga in these processes is no exception, and, most likely, in view of its special regional experience, acts supplement.
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Modern Cossacks in Southern Russia (on the materials of Stavropol Krai)

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The article on the materials of the Stavropol Territory shows the main content-chronological stages of formation and development of the Cossack-associations in southern Russia at the end of the XX–XXI century. Proved that in the structure of modern Cossacks Cossack communities stand made in the Stat...e Register of the Russian Federation, and the Cossack associations and fugitive descendants of the Cossacks.
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Migration plans of the students in European, Southern and Eastern frontiers of Astrakhan region

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The present article is aimed at the study of the students’ migration plans in European, Southern and Eastern Frontiers of Astrakhan region. The study object is students of Astrakhan region. In terms of the findings of the questionnaire survey of the students from the City of Astrakhan carried out in... September, 2012, the author analyzed and determined the main goals of the students’ participation in the migration flows. The analysis of the findings showed that the choice of the direction, purpose and the possibility to implement the plans depend on the social and economic facilities of a frontier as well as the distance between countries.
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The features of the Astrakhan district court`s formation (1867–1894)

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The article investigates regional experience of transformations of system of judicial system and legal proceedings, in connection with in conducting provisions of Judicial reform of 1864 in full in the territory of the Astrakhan province. The author analyzes projects of the Ministry of Justice on ch...ange of system of judicial authorities in the region and social and economic features of life of the Astrakhan province, affected and on formation, and activity of the Astrakhan district court are revealed, organizational basics of the Astrakhan district court are covered. As a result the author comes to conclusion that process of formation of organizational structure and activity of district court in the Astrakhan province was affected by a number of factors both all-Russian, and local levels, among them: shortage of financial means on realization of judicial reform, inconsistency of actions of the provincial authorities, load and a lack of personnel of court.
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The political party "United Russia" and conservative modernization

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Any political party needs clear and intelligible ideological program, which is different from programs of other political parties. Even this ideology will have titular value. Today there are three main ideologies in the modern world: socialism, liberalism and conservatism. Almost every political pa...rty defines itself in this coordinate system. During 2000th “United Russia” positioned itself like centrist power without strict ideology. Despite that, in this party, was traced some sympathy to conservatism. At 2009 on the XIth congress “United Russia”, which is the dominant party in Russia this days, proclaimed “Russian Conservatism” as ideology of party and concept of conservative modernization. This ideology become significant in political space this days.
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The fritware bowl with inscription from the excavations in Samosdelka site

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One of finds of a field season of 2009 – a fritware bowl with the Arab inscription at its bottom is considered in the article. On a series of characteristics and analogies the most probable place of its production is pre-mongol Iran, however, the inscription at the bottom of the bowl had already mad...e in the course of its use by the owner that gives the chance to receive information about elements of an everyday life of inhabitants of the city in the XII century.
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Valuable and cultural motivation of business as a basis of movement to social responsibility of business

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Ethnopolitical security of the South of Russia in the light of the influence of inter ethnic and economical problems and migration problems of Transcaucasia

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During the last 20 years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union on the southern borders of Russia repeatedly flashing international and inter ethnic conflicts among Transcaucasian states and also serious social-economical problems in the states of this region led to the mass-migration flow-out... of the population from the southern Caucasus to the Russian Federation. That`s why xenophobia and conflict situation have increased in the southern regions of Russia. Illegal mass-migration have led to the aggravation of the criminal situation in the region. Illegal migration also has an extremely negative repercussion for the Russian economy and in particular for the economy of the South of Russia. There is analysis of the tends and prediction of the direction of the situation.
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The international experience of a green econiomy development

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In the article the principles of "green economy" are revealed. The development of "green economy" is considered to be the main trend of the post-industrial economic system. The author analyzes the basic tools of the transition to a "green economy", compares the experience of several countries on th...e practical implementation of the programs of ecological modernization.
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Endogenous factors of contemporary political process in Dagestan republic

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Characterized and classified the main endogenous factors affecting the typology of the political process in Dagestan (1992–2013). The influence of the economic and social depression, structures of political elites, the system of state power organs on the dynamics of the political process is determin...ed.
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PROSPECTS OF INTEGRATION THE RUSSIAN CURRENCYIN THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE

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The main subject of the article is a prospect of ruble as a new world currency. Special attention is paid to problems of inflation and national financial sector (stock and debt markets). In the author’s opinion these problems is main obstacle of ruble internationalization. The author considers some ...measures on decrease in rates of inflation and development of the financial markets.
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Analysis of relation between wage and performance indicatorsof gas distribution organizations

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The study tested the relation between wages and number of performance indicators for the gas distribution companies. Based on results of the correlation analysis (for example, the number of gas distribution organizations) showed that the evaluation of the performance of the selected communications... and wages gives mixed results. However, the most celebrated high dependence between the average monthly wage of workers engaged in the transportation of gas, and the length of the pipeline. Effective system of incentives of workers must necessarily be associated with the target activities indicators of gas distribution organizations.
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Between homosexuality and homophobia (review of the book written by Eve K. Sedgwick “Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire”)

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The article reviews the famous book “Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire” by E. K. Sedgwick. Sedgwick examines men’s relationships with one another in English literature and the ways those relationships affect women. She argues that the power of male homophobia has radically s...haped the ideologies of men and women. Central to this study is Sedgwick’s conception of "male homosocial desire". Sedgwick coined the neologism "homosocial," which was supposed to be a rejection of the then-available lexical and conceptual alternatives to challenge the idea sexual identity could be easily differentiated. Sedgwick’s work was an important milestone in the development of gender studies.
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Turkish vision of the multikulturalism problem in Germany (review of the book written by Seyran Ates “Der Multikulti-Irrtum”)

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The book by Seyran Ates, the German author of the Turkish origin, published in 2010 became especially popular after the statement of the Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel about the crash of ideas of multiculturalism. In the book the author tells the reader about the destiny of Turkish migrants of the... first, second and third generation in Germany, opens the reasons of unsuccessful integration, thereby answering questions of Thilo Sarrazin why Turkish migrants in Germany are integrated worst of all.
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From the new economic policy to “the great turn” (review of the book written byV.A. Shishkin “Russia during the years of “the great turn” in perception of a foreign diplomate (1925–1931)”)

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In the article the book of Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor V.A. Shishkin “Russia during the years of the Great turn” in perception of a foreign diplomat (1925–1931)” is being analyzed. The book under review is based on the reports of diplomats from Czechoslovakian mission in Moscow and par...ticularly its Head Joseph Girsa to the Moscow Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is dedicated to a complicated period of the Soviet history – the transition from the New Economic Policy to so called “the Great turn”, the end of 1920s – the beginning of 1930s (the period of collectivization, restriction of political liberty, the beginning of repressions). The novelty of the book is that for the first time an interesting source is introduced into scientific use – the documents of the Czechoslovakian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The author has done a great job in analysis and translation of more than 300 reports of Girsa into Russian during the work on the monograph. The value of these reports is rising with the fact that in 1921–1932 the Head of Czechoslovakian mission in Soviet Russia was a person who knew well the country where he lived, and who worried about its destiny (J. Girsa lived in Russia before the October Revolution and he was an entrepreneur). The documents, mentioned in the book enlarge our knowledge about the political life of the USSR in the latter half of 1920s – the beginning of 1930s.
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Wolfganh Beltracchi - the forger of the century (review of the bookwritten by Stefan Koldehoff and Tobias Timm “Falsche Bilder, Echtes Geld”)

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The book written by German authors Stefan Koldehoff and Tobias Timm, published in 2012 became popular at once, as it enlightens the history of sensational exposure of the painting forgery. The authors show to the reader different sights at a problems and give the opinions of experts. The authors we...re awarded with the sphere of literature und journalism in 2012.
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Macau – Urumqi: “other” China (notices about 4 International conferences “English, Discourse and Intercultural Communication” on June 4–10, 2013 Macau – Urumqi (China))

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Article is devoted to the analysis of results of a trip on the international conference on intercultural communications in China....
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