Issue 2016
No. 4
(49)
NATIONAL HISTORY
Bagdasaryan A.O.
9-17
280
In the First World War the German air fleet bombarded the Russian administration centers and cities. These raids cause of death among the population. These events forced the Russian militarily administration to develop and realize the measures of protection of population from air raids....
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Morozova O.V.
18-25
268
According to statistic data modern family in Russian Federation is in severe crisis. The number of official marriages is decreasing; the quantity of non-registered alliances is rising. As a result the number of illegitimated children, unmarried mothers and abandoned children is great. In these condi...tions a new ideology called childfree comes. A parallel circle between state policy in demography, family and motherhood of 20-40 of the XX century and modern period is made in the article.
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Kotelnikov A.S.
25-33
287
In this author discusses the features of the political situation in 1921 in Soviet Russia. The study was research on archival and published material of a vast region of the country - the Volga region. The peculiarity of the Volga region was the fact that in contrast to the Tambov province, Ukraine, ...Western Siberia and others regions of the country, it has not formed a unified center of the peasant revolts. There were uncoordinated rebel groups in each province. Another feature of the political struggle has become a serious weakening of peasant households, which were not able to withstand drought and bad harvest in 1921 that led to a hunger and extinction of the tens of thousands of people. The most common form of protest at that time in this region was the peasant revolts that enveloped all the provinces of the Volga region. Especially harden was the fight in Pugachev district of Samara province, where insurgents peasants in May 1921, it managed to capture a Pugachev, the chief town of a district. The Tambov`s peasants revolt, the so-called “antonovshina”, reaching to the Volga region. Several groups of the Tambov peasants came to the territory of Penza and Saratov provinces. In Penza province was the fierce battle between the military units of special-purpose and Antonov`s bang. But the Tambov groups did not receive the support from the local peasantry and were therefore doomed to a failure. Most of the potential threat was the rebellion of Second Turkestan Division of the Red Army led by Sapozhkov, the former tsarist officer. The reasons of the mutiny became poor organization of supply, organizational confusion, war weariness, the conflict between the command of the division and the political department of the division and the threat of removal Sapozhkova and his deputies from his post. Thanks to quick and decisive action of command and military units of the Zavolzhsky Military District, the revolt not allowed to spread to other military units. The revolt was depressed for 3 days, and Sapozhkov was killed.
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Zakutnov O.I.
33-38
278
Ishmukhambetov R.V.
39-47
274
This article is devoted to Isatai Taimanov’s insurrection in Bukeyev horde. Policy of Dzhangir Khan was “fertile ground” for the emergence of discontent and unrest among the people. All layers of society were somehow involved in the conflict. Varying was it the role taken by the serving groups.... Move closer to the broad masses of tulengits not able to effectively carry out their service functions . Actions of Karaulhodzha Babadjanov had not any success. In the autumn of 1837 the rebels initially were leading the negotiations with the khan moved to take decisive action, and then the siege of khan's headquarters. Nogay-kazakhs in these conditions, together with the Cossack units contributed to the protection and restoration of the Khan's power. Thanks to what could gain new privileges. Subsequently, in the changed circumstances, both groups were formed in the capacity of sub-ethnic units within the western part of the Kazakh people.
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POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROICESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Lunev A.P., Mordasova T.A., Mineva O.K.
48-55
275
This article describes compare analysis of national models of forming personnel reserve on public administration, reveals common characteristics and features of this process, defines priority activities of governmental HR departments for preparation and use. Attention is stressed on characteristics ...of modern technologies of selection and reserve staff’s training in American, European and Japanese model.
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Smorgunov L.V.
55-65
280
In the paper the modern approaches to the definition of the role of political and administrative systems as factors of equitable growth are demonstrated. The key areas of administrative transformation since the crisis of the new public management, which enable the state’s governability and the sta...te's competitiveness in a complex and uncertain environment, are identified. It describes the developmental trends of politico-administrative systems in the BRICS countries. BRICS states are considered as new competitive state, seeking to ensure not only stable economic growth, but also to link it with the investment public policy, which would have reduced the level of inequality in society and contributed to the wellbeing of their citizens. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between policy and administration, the role of strategic management, the expansion of the membership of political decision-making, government transparency and information, increasing accountability in the public administration system. There is the open nature of the administrative transformation and lack of conceptualizations of the new type of political and administrative reforms.
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Nikovskaya L.I., Molokova M.A.
65-72
268
The article discusses the contribution of nonprofit organizations in the solution of problems of anti-crisis development. With the ability to express the most diverse and specific interests of large and small community groups, they today constitute the most extensive and, in aggregate, the most sign...ificant sector of civil society. In the country there is a tendency of redistribution of the center of gravity of civic engagement from political parties towards non-political public associations. This is due to the decrease in the efficiency of operation of the state institutions responsible for clear and uninterrupted life-support system. By natural means beginning to develop cross-sectoral social partnership in solving everyday social problems. In the end, there is a new and apparently viable model of development of the Russian third sector, which is characterized by the dominance of internal driving forces, a wide variety of purposes and forms of civic activity, an extensive system of mechanisms and technologies of interaction with the state. And, as such, cross-sectoral partnerships promotes new formats of public policy and public management.
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Racoti V.D.
72-84
267
The problems of equitable remuneration are relevant to any society under any political system. Hired labor policy and its evaluation are always the prerogative of the state. In our society in the minds of ordinary citizens and many politicians formed a stable installation that the definition of “w...ages”, “compensation”, “remuneration”, “income” is synonymous. This raises many conflicts, including in the legal and political legislative initiative. To clarify the peculiarities of modern interpretation from the perspective of the scientific validity of these definitions the focus of this article.
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Baranov A.V.
84-97
365
In the article the features of the crisis of the nation-states in terms of geopolitical transformation 1980-2010-s are established on materials of Jugoslavia and Ukraine. Yugoslavia experienced a crisis and then the collapse, as a result of the choice of a decentralized federal system, constructing ...a system of ethnic power, the contradictions between the economic interests of the regions. The West destabilized Yugoslavia, encouraged ethnic and religious conflicts, chose the strategy of crushing the country on weak and warring segments, weakening its orthodox core - Serbia. Ukraine - an example of a deep split, multinational state. Stable national identity of the citizen’s majority is absent. Steadily manifests long-term cleavages. The main reason for the crisis was the failure of the Ukrainian state elites of Slavic unity, the rate of forced Westernization. Both states experienced territorial fragmentation’ processes. Their goals are the same: submission to the will of the countries of the West, promoting long-term conflicts, the destruction of national states.
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Kislyakov M.M.
98-103
270
In the article the author analyzes the theoretical aspects of regional political marketing. In particular, the state of knowledge on issues of regional political marketing. Attention is drawn to the fact that in order to determine the nature of the process of development of a regional political mark...eting as an open nonequilibrium system of considerable scientific interest are the works by I.R. Prigogine, N.N. Moiseev, G.G. Malinetskogo and others. It is noted that among political scientists consider political institutions as a non-equilibrium system, can be called R.F. Matveev. Direct marketing study of regional political problems studied by P.A. Kolosov and M.S. Kholodilin. According to the author, the main task of the regional political marketing is that with its help, firstly, to identify the political needs, the needs and requests of citizens of the region, to meet them, taking into account regional peculiarities of political life; and secondly, to build long-term mutually beneficial partnerships regional authorities with the citizens of the region, to create an effective system of political administration and local government in the region; Third, determine the negative phenomena and processes in the political life of the region, determine their causes, and eliminate them form the citizens of the region need to participate in political activities; Fourth, create a new structure, allowing you to change the content of regional and municipal authorities, as well as the political behavior and political mentality of the citizens of the region. The author of the article on the basis of such criteria as the effectiveness of the regional political marketing technologies highlighted are his views as strategic, tactical, rational, irrational, effective, ineffective.
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Novoselov S.V.
103-111
281
Within the framework of the existing system of international relations, there are three relatively independent levels of security: international; regional; the security of individual countries. Each of these levels has its own, certain forms of security. The Caspian region is a set of interrelated i...ssues that affect the interests of all the littoral states and decide that it alone can not solve. Mutual concerns and common perception of security is so intertwined between the countries of the Caspian region, that their national security problem can no longer be considered and dealt with individually, ie This is a particular form of the interdependence of nations, manifested both in terms of competition, and common security interests, which thus forms a complex and regional security. Therefore, regional security can be defined as the state of relations in the framework of the specific regional security complex in which all the related entities provided by the existence of a reliable and stable development. The regional security system is established and maintained with the help of certain mechanisms (organized or unorganized), which together with their subjects using forms model of regional security in the region.
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Topchiev M.S.
111-117
269
Religious networks, being one of the most ancient ideological world network structures, are the most important part of the modern network society. Three stages of religious network structure development can be distinguished: traditional, institutional, and virtual ones. At the modern stage, religiou...s network space may be presented as a superposition of transnational network streams on virtual and social networks of traditional religious institutions, and at the regional level they superpose also on the regional religious mosaic structure. Nevertheless, the whole networks complex do not transform into one global mega network. The aim of the given article is revealing of network religious community specifics in the South of Russia and its influence on the state of cultural safety. The main methodology is content analysis of regional web-sites with religious subject within the South of Russia and study of the results of sociological investigations in this field. As a result the hypothesis about the religious networks influence on the state of cultural safety expressed in the growth of inter confessional tenseness and enhancing transgression processes in the South of Russia is to be confirmed.
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Smirnova E.V.
118-124
254
The purpose of this article is to clarify the knowledge about the role of ideology in modern Russian society. The author demonstrates the scientific difficulties with the definition of the term “ideology” and proposes own understanding of ideology as a certain type of spiritual activity (and sim...ultaneously the complex of products of this activity), defined by it’s goal to legitimate one or another socio-economic and politico-legal regime and/or programs of its change. In addition, the article shows the place of ideology in the system of public consciousness, it is argued that ideology is both a form and project and orientational consciousness, and always contains value component. The author also claims that ideology is always political. Such abstracts allow the author to distinguish the concepts of ideology and the national idea, to show that the problem of finding a way to consolidate nation, the system of values in modern Russia is not necessarily connected to creating an ideology. It is argued that one should not understand article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in a negative way, because it's not about banning ideology itself, but only the state ideology.
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Grigorev A.V.
124-129
261
The value structure of the Russians has undergone significant changes for the last twenty-five years. To any extent all the inhabitants of Russia were forced to go through the process of re-socialization, which was associated with the formation of new political values, adequate to the new situation ...in Russian society. This article analyzes the political values of modern youth in the conditions of the changed social, economic and political contexts of post-Soviet Russia. The future of Russian society depends on the value ideals choice made by the Russian youth. The article highlights the results of the study of the Astrakhan students’ political values. The reasearch was conducted by the group administered questionnaire. The research methodology is based on the classification of political values by M. Rokeach who devided them in 2 groups: terminal (aim-values) and instrumental (means-values). These values have been operationalized accoding to the political sphere of society. The hierarchy of Astrakhan students’ political values was build as a result of the study. There are such values as peace and security on the top of the hierarchy; the least significant political aim-values for students in Astrakhan are patriotism and legitimacy. The best means-values to achieve the values mentioned above are democratic values (freedom, equality, human rights, majority rule, plurality).
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Marmilova E.P.
129-134
280
This article discusses ways to improve the electoral system in Russia based on the expert survey. As part of a research project supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities № 15-03-00153 “Public Policy and Management in the electoral process: conceptualization of scientific direction” in... 2015, a quality expert survey was conducted. Conducting expert survey revealed the main problems in the electoral process in modern Russia. Thus, it was revealed that for the improvement of the electoral system in Russia is not enough to carry out a gradual reform of the electoral system is needed to build a comprehensive Russian electoral governance.
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Morozova O.S.
135-140
275
The article considers a number of areas in the study reform of electoral systems, aktualisierungs lately. The question is raised how the structure of party systems affects the initiation and direction of electoral reforms. Examines data on the characteristics of electoral reform in post-Communist co...untries. The article provides an example of the debate between supporters and opponents of proportional and majoritarian systems. Shows widespread methodological critique of the literature on reforms of electoral systems. Emphasizes the need to study not only successfully implemented electoral reforms, but they failed, or even failed attempts. The article describes the cases of electoral reform in the regions and focuses on a small study of electoral reforms at the subnational level, which is important for further analysis of public policy and management in the sphere of the electoral process.
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Mordasov A.O.
140-148
301
The article reviews basic theoretical and methodological principles of self - organization Russian Federation’s modern civil society. With using of A. Tokvil’s and Y.Habermas’ scientific approach, to determination of actors, resources, which is necessary for modern civil society self-organizat...ion process, author stress attention on Russian society’s problems of self - organization. In terms of A.Tokvill’s methodology author describes features of transformation process in relationships between government and society; reasons of changes civil society’s participation in political process; factors of new civil initiative appearance. Analysis of communication process as tool of self-organization in theory of Y. Habermas helps to find main problems of communication between modern Russian’s state and civil society. The field for future researches of self - organization Russian Federation’s modern civil society needs additional analysis institutional barriers, which limits potential of civil self-organization; valuation of technologies, which provide competitive advantages in civil society’s communication; determination of key factors, which make an influence on self-organization of citizens. Also, it is necessary to observe conditions of citizen’s motivation improvement for self-organization, evaluate using government’s support of civil initiative.
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Mineva O.K.
148-151
264
In the framework of the article practice of audits conducted by the Audit Chamber of Russia in 2013-2015 is systematized, which can be the basis for improving public policy and legislative initiatives in the field of elimination of corruption-factors....
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Amidov S.S. ogly, Lunev D.A.
151-154
268
The article presents the problems and prospects of development of modern management in the sphere of formation of “great minds” through reform of State policies, with the aim of forming modern managers’ integrated and adaptive thinking, namely such competencies as fast learning, self-awareness..., the ability to feel comfortable in situations of uncertainty.
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Lunev D.A.
155-158
266
PILOSOPHICAL ANTROPOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE
Romanova A.P.
159-166
272
The attitude to the Alien and the main characteristics of its image are important markers of the level of social organization and condition of any society. The Alien image was included not only into binary opposition “Own - Alien”, it builds the system of images “Own - Different - Alien - Enem...y - Monster”. The system may be a coordinate axis of the analysis of cultural and socio-political landscape of the Era, the country as a whole or a particular region. The objective of the article is to identify the nature of the Alien image transformation in the proposed axis during the transition period from the Soviet to Post-Soviet society. The main methodology of the research is a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of the Alien image in the Post-Soviet public sphere and Post-Soviet Media. The main parameters and the volumes of the “Own - Monster” image scale are changed in the Post-Soviet space; the ideological cleavage between “the Own” and «the Alien» is replaced by the ethnic and religious split. The ways and mechanisms of “the Own” image transformation that characterizes the Soviet ideology into the Post-Sociolist “Alien” through dehumanization and demonization are analyzed in the article. In the process of demonization, relying on unconscious archaic archetypes, the “Alien” image like Monster is forming. In such a case, all basic cultural markers of “the Alien” (vestimentary and alimentary differences, language, appearance, religious affiliation, etc.) are brought to grotesque in order to justify the negative attitude towards the former “Own” image and now “the Alien” - a migrant, a guest worker and a citizen of a neighboring state.
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Yakushenkov S.N.
166-175
314
The article is devoted to analysis of such a new direction in modern social sciences as “spiritual security”. On the basis of a number of factors, the author shows the impossibility to define an object and a subject of the research. Among the arguments, it is called the inability to give a defin...ition to such a concept as “spiritual” and the lack of an agreed definition of “culture”, which counts more than a thousand different interpretations. Another complication of the formation of this direction, the author considers the absence of a clear methodological framework that would allow to analyze objectively the problem and frame it. Basing on the approaches of such notable anthropologists like L. White and M. Sahlins, who insisted on the dynamic nature of culture, its constant development, the author believes that this property of culture is incompatible with any conservation or its reference to the traditionalism, as it leads to stagnation of culture. Another important factor preventing the construction of the concept of spiritual security in Russia is a special phenomenon of the Russian cultural landscape, defined through the concepts of ambivalence, heterotopia and hybridity. All these factors show that the attempt to put the problem of spiritual security in the context of a return to old traditions, whether religious, whether it be cultural, not productive and even dangerous, as Russia's population in cultural, social and political aspects is very diverse, and any note of tradition to the level of homogeneity will lead to serious contradictions within our society.
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Iakushenkova O.S.
175-180
264
The article is devoted to the American Tv-series "Star Trek" as postfrontier text. "Star Trek" is one of the most important science fiction series of the XX century, which largely influenced the development of the genre, and for 50 years of its existence has become a global media franchise. The auth...or focuses on frontier and postfrontier ideas and plot components of original series, showing that many of the science-fiction movies and books inherit frontier symbolism. The author dissects the first years of the media franchise, paying particular attention to the presence in it of a sufficiently large number of markers specific to western. The author also analyzes the specific construction of the image of the Other in the series, drawing parallels with the American history. To confirm the idea of inheritance of frontier images and motifs, the author also examines the product made in fundamentally different conditions and with different cultural background - “Land of Crimson Clouds” Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The author concludes that in spite of a certain amount in common motifs in the works, accents are placed differently, indicating the different cultural background behind these texts.
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Zolotykh L.G., Kosmacheva O.Yu., Elnikova S.I., Dzhenenko O.V., Sapozhnikov P.V.
181-190
267
The article provides a representation of the concept “migrant” by the Russian legislation and international law. The evolution of the representation of the concept “migrant” is shown by various Russian lexicographical sources. The basic classification concepts of the analyzed criteria are id...entified and described. The status paradigm of the concept “migrant” is presented on the basis of Russian and international law and the categories of international migrants are described. The appeal to the various categories of migrants, the study of their classification characteristics allowed to give linguo-cultural representation of the concept “migrant” and to trace the formation of the status paradigm of the migrant.
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Svechkareva V.R.
190-197
266
In musical treatises about music of antiquity, epoch of middle Ages, Renaissance and theory of art of New time there are fundamental ideas of music philosophy as Cosmo-aesthetic musical tradition. Analysis of the music phenomenon as continuum of being allows to trace the sequence of changes in under...standing of the music phenomenon: from overcoming of irrational elements of the magic understanding to lining up ancient conception of understanding of music as organizations of the world are in time; on the way of mathematization of music in medieval aesthetics to principle of classicism of reasonable limitation of affects. It was related not only to the religiously-ethic requirement to repress passions but also with the comprehension of music as of harmonization all pure, to the reasonably arranged organization of life. The philosophical bases of the analysis of music go back to fundamental causation of the being, and hence the music itself is not a fluke, a certain mutation of spiritual collisions. Music is the beingness reaching within musical «validity» of necessary dialectic (forking) intensity. That is why - music is natural in relation to human ontology and culture. That is why semantic Association “world as man” provides an opportunity to consider the phenomenon of music as a symbolic ontological, cosmological and correlative knowledge of contexts. Understanding that the sources of understanding of music lie in the most ancient layers of culture, grounds to suppose that, studied in the context of elements of the most ancient knowledge, she will be able to become basis for deep research of cultural and historical continuum, where it is possible to find answers for the vital questions of attitude.
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Dzhenenko O.V.
197-203
273
The article presents a freak strangeness in the aspect of the epistemological approach. Genetic link of the epistemic field “freak” and “miracle” is learnt. Otherness of the freak as a cinematic strange character with illogical behavior, actions, causes puzzling people around him not to acce...pt his behavior is noted and justified. Freak as Alien is shown though the model that includes otherness characteristics of appearance, lifestyle, behavioral opposition to the laws of human fate and probability theory. The analysis of some cinematic freak heroes opposing socio-cultural environment and the socio-cultural reality.
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HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
Ryskeldieva L.T.
204-211
264
In the present article the question of an adequate context of the research in the field of philosophical meaning of the text is raised. The search for such context is based on two essential factors: expanding the scope of interdisciplinary research and the predominance of philologism in research of ...textual culture. Significant interest that is shown towards the text in modern historical and philosophical studies is noted in this article. The studies show differences between supporters of historical and of textological approaches, which could potentially allow to reduce meaning of philosophical text to a web of historical circumstances or personal characteristics of the author. The article appeals to philosophical textology, which researches philosophical text in the context of textual culture taking into account the purpose and communicative situation of the public by nature philosophical text. Textual culture as a web of methods of creating, storing and translation of texts allows to highlight textual format as a result of junction of all relevant circumstances that allowed the text to appear at the time and take its place in the space of modern communication. The term "textual culture" allows to avoid all sorts of reductionism in the historical and philosophical studies, develop a strategy of its comprehension relevant to specifics of the philosophical text.
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Trofimova Z.P.
211-218
287
Khlyscheva E.V.
218-222
280
Any worldview corresponds to a certain historical era. It is that base of perception of the world around, leaning on which the person acts in this society, allocating such actions with a certain value. The worldview isn't static, it changes in process of development of society. The great number of w...orldviews in the same world complicates adaptation process. Experience shows that in the conditions of heterotopia it is impossible to keep the traditional culture, it is anyway deformed and incorporates certain elements of other cultures. However, when cultural minority is afraid to lose their identity, there is a violent cultivation defined (most often traditional) a way of life which emphasizes group distinctions even more sharply. So under the guise of preserving cultural differences the peculiar simulacrum of worldview excluding members of cultural group from cultural life of the whole society is created. Industrial society has no ethnoconfessional binding to a certain group only upon the birth. However desire to keep cultural originality promotes preservation of many cultural forms which aren't corresponding to development of post-industrial society. Finding of balance between traditional and innovative worldviews is significant for the humanity, because worldview is an integration tool of spheres and cultural universality, activity of person in whole.
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Nemchinova A.L.
223-231
279
The author analyzes and proves a creativity problem from a position of the concept of a vseedinstvo. The organic interrelation of a problem of creativity with all main questions making a subject of the concept of a vseedinstvo of the Russian philosophy is noted. One of main is the provision that tru...e identity is a certain image of a vseedinstvo. The basic principles of a vseedinstvo and qualities of the person corresponding to them realized in creativity as dialogue are considered. Creativity is true, due, perfect is the creativity directed to implementation of an ideal of a vseedinstvo, that is creativity of Good, the Truth, Beauty. The analysis of a problem of creativity in works of the Russian philosophers leads to a conclusion: the most important criterion of creativity is a recognition by the unconditional value of any identity (essence): as own - belonging to me as to the certain person, and, at the same time, recognition of identity of any other person the same unconditional value what own identity is.
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ELITOLOGY
Nikovskaya L.I.
232-248
281
The article analyzes the possibility of the subject of the role of elites in the transformation process and overall development of society in the context of social conflict theory. As the basis of reconstruction types of conflicts are allocated to those entities whose activities have a significant i...mpact on the socio-political processes of society transformation, namely elites, interest groups and class-structured entities. It is shown that while in Russia, the dominant models of conflict are class and elitista, which indicates the predominance of vertical relationships, the division of society according to the type of “elite - mass”, there is a high degree of alienation of the population from power and centers of political decision-making. The predominance of these models has also contributed to the significant potential social and political instability, fraught with unexpected outcomes.
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Zarapin O.V.
248-256
273
In the article it is considered the problem interpretation for V.I. Vernadsky’s idea of noosphere. It is noted that interpretation problem arises as a result of equivocality - noosphere is used both as science concept and philosophical idea. The aim is to clarify the source of the noosphere equivo...cality. V.I. Vernadsky’s text "Scientific Thought as a Planetary Phenomenon" is presented as a source of this equivocality. A special feature of this text is the character of communicative situation as a situation of interaction between the author and the reader. As for the author text is a scientific one and noosphere is presented as a scientific concept, according to Vernadsky, it allows its meaning to be uncertain and incompleted. As the meaning uncertainty gives interpretation freedom, text takes the philosophical form for the reader and noosphere is philosophical idea. It is raised the question on combining philosophical and scientific texts in Vernadsky's work. In order to work out this question the concept of “text format” is used. It is formulated the thesis that in the Vernadsky’s work scientific and philosophical texts formats are interfered. The scientific text format is characterized as author’s monologue, which informs the reader about the text subject. The philosophical text format is characterized as the dialogue which initiates the reader’s reflection activity. It is concluded that noosphere interpretation problem arises due to the fact that Vernadsky’s text, where noosphere idea finds its explication, does not fit into the framework of cultural and historical boundaries between the philosophical position of self-knowledge and the scientific position of nature knowledge.
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Shapiro O.A., Shkorubskaya E.G.
257-265
265
In accordance with the present-time realities, contemporary philosophy is going through communicative turn. Continuous communication is the main trend of nowadays. The one of the main ways of its implementation is e-mail correspondence. Advantages of e-mail are obvious: instant messaging, the abilit...y to transfer huge amounts of data, access to the message history. However, acquiring the functionality, may not we lose the main point of that was in the letter on paper, birch bark or papyrus? Philologists more often argue that the textual culture degraded and language loses its flexibility in the electronic letter. We suppose that the changes in the correspondence are more profound and have informative and even sense bearing nature. The format of communication and meaning that can be transmit in it are fundamentally interconnected. The changes of letter format has led to the fact that the correspondence has become a chain of messages focused on solving specific problems, as opposed to deep interpersonal communication by means of letters. Abounding with new means of argumentation (visuals, hyperlinks, history of correspondence direct quotation), e-mail sacrifices the recipient's personality for topic of discussion, and sacrifices pragmatics (as the specifics of interaction with the text interpreter) for pragmatic purpose of correspondence. These assumptions are proved by theoretical research of format from pragma-analytical positions and by empirical data.
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