Issue 2021
No. 4
(69)
Pavlina Tatyana V.
9-16
286
The article is devoted to the problem of choosing the optimal system of customs regulation of foreign trade relations, which are essential to effectively build those relations and, as a result, achieve the economic and social wellbeing of any country. The study of this issue on the materials of the ...Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century deserves special attention, as the economic policy of modern Russia actualizes the ideas that were characteristic of the reign of Alexander I, aimed at maximizing the advantages of the geopolitical situation of the country between Europe and Asia, its transit potential, and the priority development of relations with Asian partners. The territory of Transcaucasia, especially its Caspian part, with entry into the Russian Empire began to play a special role in the implementation of these ideas. A retrospective analysis of regional experience in the use of such an important regulator of foreign trade as the customs tariff is of particular interest in this regard. The scientific novelty of the work is that this issue was studied on the materials of records management of the Baku Customs - the first of the customs institutions established in the Transcaucasia, in which the Russian customs taxation system in its Astrakhan version of 1754 was tested. The features and the first results of the functioning of this system in the new conditions are shown, the prerequisites and circumstances of its revision by the government at the end of the Russian-Persian war of 1804-1813 are described.
Read more
Tyurina Nadezhda I.
17-23
285
The article is devoted to state control and measures to regulate the activities of the Emerital Pension Fund of the Maritime Ministry in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the problems of functioning of the emerital fund, the solution of which was necess...ary to ensure the financial viability of this organization. The activities were carried out based on the results of the verification of the fund work by the verification commissions, which were established for statistical reviewing and studying operational activities of the emerital fund. Measures to improve the existing work system of the emerital fund were only taken after the verification Commission issued the report on the inspection. In the course of the activities of the emerital fund of the Navy Department, its financial condition was influenced by numerous factors. The external circumstances that led to the deterioration of the financial situation of the fund include the establishment of a marine qualification requirements, introduction of a coupon tax, and the conversion of interest-bearing securities. However, there were also internal reasons, which were non-proportionality between the pensions assigned to the participants of the Fund and the amount of contributions accumulated by them. The only solution was to transform the operation of the Fund, provided that the Naval Department's Emerital Fund would open a separate personal account for each, recording all contributions and interest received from this participant, and payments must be strictly aligned with the contributions of the participants.
Read more
Pavlov Konstantin A.
24-29
297
The article considers the process of formation of the state border protection system in the Caucasus at the end of the XIX century (on the example of the Elisavetpol border brigade). The relevance of the research lies in the insufficient study of the system of state border protection in the Caucasus... by border units at the end of the XIX century. It is noted that due to joining of the Caucasian lands to the Russian Empire, the length of the state border was increased. As a result, the Russian government faced the need to ensure the security of new territories. However, to secure the new territories, it was necessary to create specialized units for the protection of the state border. The paper shows that the development of the state border protection system was carried out in difficult geographical conditions, taking into account the insufficient number of personnel of specialized border units, as well as in conditions of constant armed clashes with Persian robbers, which led to the personnel casualties. It is concluded that despite the shortage of personnel, the Ministry of Finance redistributed the personnel and managed to secure the frontier with Persia. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the development of the protection system of the Russian Empire border in the Caucasus at the end of the XIX century.
Read more
Dorofeeva Anastasia A.
30-38
291
Today in Russian historical science there is growing interest in the study of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, its social policy and relations with state institutions. This article is devoted to the study of state and church policy in the field of women's education at the turn of the 19-2...0th centuries. The goal of the study was to consider the features of women's spiritual education and upbringing in the curricula of women's educational institutions of the Russian Empire. The article is based on sources of a regulatory and legal nature (charters, regulations, programs); church and secular periodicals of the 19th - beginning of 20th centuries. ("Astrakhan Diocesan Gazette", "Saratov Diocesan Gazette", "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education"); archival materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (Fund 802), the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region (Fund 639); as well as on the works of pre-revolutionary authors. The methodological basis of the study was the comparative-historical analysis of literature and sources, materials of the periodical press; generalization and systematization of the studied facts. The paper reveals the reasons (professional incompetence of teachers of religion, formal approach to teaching, lack of effective teaching methods) and problems (religious indifference, negative trends in the development of the feminist movement, features of the socio-cultural development of the Astrakhan province), which became prerequisites for the crisis of spiritual education and upbringing of women in the beginning of the 20th century.
Read more
Timofeeva Elena G., Lebedev Sergei V., Tyurin Alexey O.
39-44
291
The research objective of the article is the study of the peasant protest in the territory of the Astrakhan province during the civil war on the example of the events of 1918, when the spearhead of peasant resistance was directed against the military mobilization measures and food policy carried out... by local authorities. The armed confrontation with the Soviet regime was caused by the rejection of the peasantry, tired of wars and social upheavals, extraordinary methods of mobilization into the Red Army, numerous requisitions and related violations. "Peasant rebellion" manifested itself in the form of armed resistance or peaceful protest as a response to the exorbitant "hardships and injustices" caused by the new government. It seems relevant and significant to study the scientific issue based on the materials of the Astrakhan province, where Soviet power was established in January 1918, and as soon as in the spring and summer there was a wave of peasant discontent with the policy of extraordinary requisition, confiscation, mobilization measures. Firstly, due to insufficient study of the issue in regional historiography, replete with ideological assessments of the events by Soviet historians, and secondly, due to the need to supplement the all-Russian picture of the peasant protest movement with new sources of the regional level, the results of the analysis of the facts from the standpoint of modern methodological approaches. The systematic approach made it possible to consider the problem under study in a set of factors that reflected the reasons, course, results of protest actions of the peasants of the Astrakhan province in the period under study. The research involves special historical methods: historical-genetic, historical-typological and historical-comparative. The source base of the study was the materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region. The article reflects the results of studying the causes, intensity and forms of manifestation of peasant protest in the Astrakhan province at the initial stage of the civil war. The study reveals the main reasons for the discontent of the peasantry and the forms of peasant protest-public statements against the policies of the Soviet regime, scattered uprisings of the peas- antry, riots and revolts. New sources have been introduced into scientific circulation.
Read more
Bolotov Nikolay A., Belitskaya Margarita A.
45-50
321
The article considers the process of formation of student contingents of higher professional educational institutions of the Lower Volga region in the 1930s. The forms and methods of organizing admission campaigns are analyzed, the role of party-state structures and public organizations in this proc...ess is revealed. The authors analyze the regulatory framework for the organization of student recruitment to universities which is highly potential for actualization in modern conditions. The authors compare the directive quantitative indicators of the first student contingents with the real capabilities of the institutes. The problems that arose in the process of organizing the first admission campaigns to recruit students to universities of different profiles are revealed. The use of data from a wide range of sources of the periodical press, business correspondence and internal documents, party and state resolutions allowed us to conclude that the mechanisms of interaction of party-state structures and public organizations with universities on the studied issue were highly effective. Among the effective methods of work on the organization of admission campaigns to universities were: agitation propaganda, strict control by party structures, delineation of administrative responsibility, establishment of different terms of admission to universities of different profiles, introduction of planning for the approval of control figures and unified admission rules. It is noted that at the first stages for the newly formed institutions, the control admission figures established by the People's Commissariats did not comply with their real capabilities. This resulted in the development of new forms of cooperation between universities and public organizations and enterprises of the region, aimed at implementing the party-state tasks for the proletarization of higher education.
Read more
Krasnozhenova Elena E.
51-57
330
The relevance of studying children's everyday life during the occupation is attributed to severe repressive genocidal policies towards them in North-West Russia that was occupied from 1941 to 1944. Genocide of children and teens had been pre-planned and was a part of a broader policies aimed at a fu...rther extermination of the civilian population. This article analyzes the German-fascist occupation policy on childhood, and also the study of the peculiarities of the daily life of children and teens under occupation. This research is based on numerous archival documents, mostly acts of sub-district and territorial jurisdictions created to investigate crimes committed by the Nazi occupants, reports, memorandums, partisans bulletins, memoirs and eyewitness testimonies. This article also reviews Nazi archival documents such as orders of the occupation administration that can be found in the archives of the northwestern Russia. While analyzing historical documents and archival materials, the author used a historical-genetic method, as well as systematic and functional analysis and reconstruction of the events. The Nazi policy on children and teens aimed to exterminate all the civilian population in the North-West part Russia. Children were forced to participate in unpaid labour together with their parents and were sent to concentration camps located in the region and outside, they were deported to Germany. They were forced to donate blood to Nazi soldiers and were killed during punitive operations. Famine and absence of any medical support led to the increased morbidity and death among children and teens.
Read more
Bodrova Elena V.
58-65
312
The relevance of the study is determined by the global challenges of recent decades, quite a difficult geopolitical situation, instability of the world energy market and the need to ensure economic growth. Based on the analysis of government documents and archival materials, speeches and publication...s of leading experts, the evolution of conceptual approaches to solving the problem of reproduction of the mineral resource base of Russian oil and gas complex in the period under study is investigated. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of modernization. The conclusion is made that the milestone events were government documents focused on the development of the naval base; they are the reasons for both the acute discussions and still more distinct difference in approaches regarding the accuracy of the planned indicators, the selected mechanisms for solving problems, the interpretation of the optimal ratio of the required volumes of resource reserves and production rates. The reasons for the disagreement are seen in the conviction of some experts in the sufficiency of resources to ensure the functioning of the industry and export needs. At the same time, the authors state that some of the problems that have emerged at the turn of the century have not been resolved; long-term planning of geological exploration is defined as a strategically significant area in the process of strengthening the raw material potential of the country's oil and gas complex. The situation requires a scientifically based choice of priorities, consistent government policy aimed at stimulating this area of activity from business, ensuring proper control, supporting small and medium-sized companies, scientific research and introduction of new technologies.
Read more
Ochirova Nina G., Ochirova Nyudlya Ch.
66-73
315
The article is devoted to the study of the life and work of the outstanding Russian scientist - Mongolian scholar, world-famous, Bulyash Khoychievna Todaeva. It was revealed that in the system of scientific interests and priorities of the scientist, the pivotal role is assigned to the study of lingu...istics and folklore of the Mongolian peoples, this is the peculiarity, multidimensionality and uniqueness of its scientific heritage. B. Kh. Todayeva was a pioneer in the study of the lexicology of the heroic epic of the Mongolian peoples “Dzhangar”, in fact, the ancestor of the epic lexicography. Based on the analysis, the authors of the article reveal the diversity of the scientist's scientific interests, innovation in works that combine the achievements of Western and Russian linguistics. It is noted that the scientist devoted many years of her scientific activity to field expeditionary research, collecting unique folklore of Russian and foreign Mongolian peoples, recording them from experts and keepers of oral traditions. These are proverbs and sayings, fairy tales and legends that have survived to this day. A brilliant achievement in the scientist's creative life was the fundamental works on the linguistics of the Mongolian peoples, created by her as a result of her stay for a number of years on a business trip in the People's Republic of China in the 50s last century. Analysis of the creative heritage of B. Kh. Todaeva allows the authors to say that the theoretical developments of B. Kh. Todayeva in the fields of science she studies are fundamental and versatile, differ in depth, originality of ideas, breadth of scientific ties of the scientist with domestic and foreign specialists. The multifaceted work of the scientist as a prominent representative of domestic and world science, which survived all the hardships of wartime, the deportation of the Kalmyk people, serve as an example of devotion to science and once chosen business. The works of B. Kh. Todaeva is a diary of the life of a wonderful, unique, original personality. It has become a striking phenomenon of the Kalmyk intellectual culture, and more broadly, of all Mongolian peoples.
Read more
Erokhin Aleksey M., Avdeev Evgenij A., Vorobev Sergej M.
74-80
300
The article reviews the transformation of national policy in the North Caucasus in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The goal of this research is the historical and political reconstruction of the inclusion of the peoples of the North Caucasus into the united Russian state and socio-cultural spa...ce at the end of the imperial and early Soviet periods of Russian history. The methodology is based on a combination of elements of historiographic, historical-comparative and historical-political analysis. The source base was made up of archival materials, as well as sources of legislative, political, historiographic and journalistic nature. The national policy of the Russian Empire, characterized by unitarity and Russification while preserving the culture and traditions of national communities, could not find a balance between the desire for autonomy of the peoples of the North Caucasus and the unification. The establishment of the Soviet regime in the region was characterized by ethnization of politics and formation of ethno-state formations. The national policy of the Soviet state in the North Caucasus in the 20s - 30s assumed flexibility of management approaches and the desire to take into account the national and cultural characteristics of highlanders. It was aimed at eliminating the economic and socio-cultural backwardness of national outskirts by creating preferences that would ensure a faster pace of socio-economic development and modernization of ethnic territories. Korenizatsiya (indigenization) led to the formation of national bureaucracies, development of national cultures and languages. The negative features of the Soviet national policy of this period were the exaltingof the ethnic factor as the basis of the socio-political structure of the territories; frequent changes in the state and administrative structure of the region due to the complexity of determining the boundaries of ethnic territories; formation of ethnic clannishness in government bodies; politicization of ethnicity and the manifestation of separatist tendencies. Formation of the national state structure of the North Caucasus has become the most important condition for the further development of the peoples of the region.
Read more
Kosov Gennadiy V., Makovskaya Daria V., Vorobev Sergej M.
81-90
318
The article reviews the transformation of national policy in the North Caucasus in the late 19th - early 20th cen turies. The goal of this research is the historical and political reconstruction of the inclusion of the peoples of the North Caucasus into the united Russian state and socio-cultural sp...ace at the end of the imperial and early Soviet periods of Russian history. The methodology is based on a combination of elements of historiographic, historical-comparative and historical-political analysis. The source base was made up of archival materials, as well as sources of legislative, political, historiographic and journalistic nature. The national policy of the Russian Empire, characterized by unitarity and Russification while preserving the culture and traditions of national communities, could not find a balance between the desire for autonomy of the peoples of the North Caucasus and the unification. The establishment of the Soviet regime in the region was characterized by ethnization of politics and formation of ethno-state formations. The national policy of the Soviet state in the North Caucasus in the 20s - 30s assumed flexibility of management approaches and the desire to take into account the national and cultural characteristics of highlanders. It was aimed at eliminating the economic and socio-cultural backwardness of national outskirts by creating preferences that would ensure a faster pace of socio-economic development and modernization of ethnic territories. Korenizatsiya (indigenization) led to the formation of national bureaucracies, development of national cultures and languages. The negative features of the Soviet national policy of this period were the exaltingof the ethnic factor as the basis of the socio-political structure of the territories; frequent changes in the state and administrative structure of the region due to the complexity of determining the boundaries of ethnic territories; formation of ethnic clannishness in government bodies; politicization of ethnicity and the manifestation of separatist tendencies. Formation of the national state structure of the North Caucasus has become the most important condition for the further development of the peoples of the region.
Read more
Morozova Elena V., Philippov Daniil Ye.
91-97
386
Territorial identities occupy a special place among a wide range of social identities. The global transformations of political and cultural landscapes of our time give rise to the need for a deeper study of regional and local projections of territorial identity. Local identity of local community mem...bers becomes an important criterion for assessing the development of a territory. The agencies of identity policy interested in such a development, first of all, local self-government bodies often become the main actors in the process of local identity building in communities. That is why the problems of local identity and identity policy at the local level today are moving from the periphery of research interests in the field of social and humanitarian knowledge to the epicenter. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the structure of identity policy in the city of Yeysk. The criterion for choosing an object of study was a unique combination of tradition and innovation in modern life of the city, as well as its significant role in economic and socio-cultural life of Krasnodar Territory. The empirical basis of the study has been formed of transcripts of 40 expert interviews, as well as analysis of local media materials and Internet resources. The authors singled out the markers of local identity, considered symbolic politics and politics of memory in Yeysk, as well as the problems of territory branding. Among the agencies of identity policy the authors singled out local government bodies, business community, cultural, educational, religious and public organizations. A conclusion is made about a proactive type of identity policy, that is characterized by a set of measures, which are often segmental, that contribute to the actualization of local identity and are based on involvement of a number of agencies and institutional mechanisms, but they lack a defined common strategy and inclusion in city development projects.
Read more
Morozova Oksana S.
98-103
287
Electoral systems are very diverse, not only in basic characteristics, but also in approaches to understanding the essence of voting as a right or obligation of voters. Currently, the legislation of more than 20 countries of the world stipulates the requirement of mandatory voting. Not all States ar...e consistent in implementing this rule, the costs of exacting a penalty often exceed its size. Nevertheless, a number of countries, such as Australia, Brazil, Singapore, etc., continue to follow the principle of mandatory voting. The COVID-19 pandemic has made large-scale adjustments to the electoral process around the world, significantly affecting the democratic standards of elections and showing the vulnerability of electoral procedures in a global situation of uncertainty. In this regard, the question of how much the risks of the public health system associated with the spread of the coronavirus pandemic affected the willingness of countries to maintain or abandon the mandatory voting and sanctions for refusing to participate in elections, if they were actively applied earlier, is of research interest. It turned out that the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause the cancellation of mandatory voting. Anti-epidemic protection measures were designed to reduce the risks of the spread of the disease, serving as a sufficient basis for maintaining all the principles of voting, including its compulsoriness.
Read more
Usmanov Rafik Kh., Golovin Vyacheslav G.
104-114
348
Russia's spatial development strategy has a geopolitical dimension and aims to streamline it, as well as to accelerate the socioeconomic development of regions and integrate them more closely. Particular attention is paid to the development of cross-border economic ties, including the formation of p...romising transport and energy frameworks. The mentioned strategy defines a list of macro-regions of the country and their composition, identifies priority geostrategic areas and cross-border geostrategic areas of the Russian Federation. However, the status of these territories lacks real economic and legal content, determining the geostrategic nature, for example, in matters of national security, as a major transport hub and other conditions. On the example of the Astrakhan region we studied the peculiarities and prospects of development of geostrategic territories in modern geopolitical processes of the Greater Caspian Region. The methodological basis of the study involves a comparative analysis of the adopted legislative documents: the Concept of the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Regions of the Russian Federation (2005), the Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 (of 2016) and the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2025. A number of criteria were referred to as significant signs of comparison: "borderline", focusing efforts on socio-economic development of regions, ensuring national security and interests of Russia in the post-Soviet space (South Caucasus and Central Asian region). In this context, the Astrakhan Region represents the middle priority geostrategic transboundary territory of the Russian Federation and the world at large. In a certain sense, we can also talk about the region as a kind of international "linking" zone between Europe and Asia. Within the framework of the provisions of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea (12.08.2018), the territory can be endowed with certain priority competences arising from these provisions and the status of the Caspian Sea. In modern geopolitical conditions, the Astrakhan Region acts as a kind of buffer of national security in the South of Russia, providing geostrategic and political interests of the country, which allow fully vesting the studied region with a special geostrategic status "a priority geostrategic territory of the Russian Federation".
Read more
Karabushenko Pavel L., Vartumyan Arushan A., Shebzukhova Tatyana A.
115-122
306
The modern world faces numerous challenges and threats from the political realities of international relations. The instability of the latter leads to destruction of the geopolitical picture of the world, which needs constant clarification and correction. Geopolitical cosmology, which deals with the... creation of a realistic picture of international relations, can help us form an objective assessment of current international events. It is of particular interest in this regard to conduct the geopolitical analysis of the Eurasian space, which has always been replete with various kinds of contradictions, threats and conflicts. This region has the greatest historical tradition, and it is impossible to make a modern assessment of objective political reality without taking it into account and understanding. The authors have used a comprehensive methodological approach that allows for a multifaceted examination of the dynamics of international events and the constantly adjusting geopolitical strategies. The main objective of this study is to identify the ongoing conflicts in this region, which are evidence of confrontation between the leading powers defending their national interests here. It is here (in Eurasia) that the global 'weather' of international relations is shaped. It is here that many of the world's leading countries, which have nothing to do with it, but are eager to demonstrate their national interests. And the countries of this region must learn to protect their national interests, ensure their security, and resolve existing conflicts peacefully.
Read more
Nesterov Oleg A., Boyko Pavel E.
123-127
294
ThРµ article contains a philosophical study of the spiritual nature of legal nihilism. The author shows that the universal and necessary nature of this phenomenon cannot be revealed by giving even the broadest list of active causes of its occurrence and spread. This nature of legal nihilism can be u...nderstood through systematic learning of the idea of moral spirit. This article provides insight into the borderline nature of legal nihilism. This is done by analyzing the initial theoretical assumption on which the empirical consideration of legal nihilism is based. This assumption is the initially supposed unity of free intelligent will and individual will. Further consideration of the problem proves that this spiritual and practical unity is genuine subject that fulfills its substantial content in law, field of self-determination of moral subjects and in moral, mutual dialectical negativity of which underlies legal nihilism. Therefore, rational understanding of the essence of legal nihilism is impossible without disclosing the dialectical negativity. The author comes to the conclusion, that legal nihilism in its essence acts as a borderline phenomenon, in which free intelligent will makes the transition to the universality of the legal order of the modern world. Cognition of the spirit of this moral and legal universality is the most important task of our time.
Read more
Isachenko Nadezhda N.
128-132
453
The category of ressentiment has taken on a "rebirth" in recent years. Foreign and Russian philosophers, sociologists, political scientists and psychologists are increasingly turning to the study of this phenomenon. One of the reasons for such a high interest is the actualization of the “conflictв...Ђќ of humanism and antihumanism, morality and immorality in modern society. The actualization of the issue of ressentiment is also due to an increase in destructive manifestations in society, creating conditions for the ressentiment formation. It should be admitted, that in recent years opposing positions have been formed in the socio-humanitarian discourse regarding the problem of ressentiment. Humanists, recognizing ressentiment as a negative social phenomenon, call for the rejection of all forms of violence and aim at finding compromises in resolving social conflicts. The postmodern position is opposite. Its essence lies in the recognition of ressentiment as one of the ways to defend the rights of people. It was the ambivalence of the positions that directed the author to study the problematics of ressentiment and to identify the main factors of its formation. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was formed by the ressentimentological approach of F. Nietzsche, his ideas of the neo-romantic В«philosophy of lifeВ», the phenomenological method of M. Scheler, the civilizational approach of V. S. Stepin. Methods are proposed to prevent the formation of ressentiment as a destructive phenomenon.
Read more
Chindin Igor V.
133-139
292
The article deals with the issue of the peculiarities of intertextuality in the late work of Daniil Andreev; reveals the significance of his contribution to the development of neomythological strategies of Russian literature in the first third of the 20th century, bringing these strategies to the hi...ghest degree of development. The aim is to form a special approach to the study of Andreev's "intertextuality". To achieve the goal, the author chose a research methodology, which includes a systematic approach, as well as the method of critical analysis. The author draws the following conclusions: the texts of late writing are a phenomenon of life-texts, borrowing of a literary text in a life-text deprives the literary text of autonomous content, Andreev's "intertextuality" is aimed at capturing the mythical life-text of someone else's text without returning it to the original context, Andreev's "intertextuality" is aimed at rewriting the content of the entire world culture and history in the light of the newest "integral knowledge" of the Rose of the World; Andreev's "intertextuality" is transgressive, since the borrowed objects of the cultural heritage cease to be objects, are filled with the spirituality of the myth-maker and turn into living mystery faces of the future Rose of the World rites.
Read more
Ulanov Mergen S.
140-146
273
The article considers the transformation of the ethnic mentality of the Kalmyks at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. The specificity of the Kalmyks is the fact that they, being an Eastern, Buddhist and Mongolian-speaking people, having crossed the border between Asia to Eur...ope, have been living in the Lower Volga region for several centuries. It is noted that as far back as the turn of the 19th-20th century, the social differentiation of the population in Kalmyk society is increasing, which has consistently eroded traditional values, foundations and norms of behavior. The development of commodity-money relations in Kalmyk society contributed to the emergence of a fundamentally new stratum of people - traders and livestock producers, whose mentality was notably different from the traditional one. The migratory movement of Kalmyks to Russian cities and villages, as well as to salt and fish industries, also influenced their mentality. After the end of the Civil War in Kalmykia, a number of transformations took place and changed the culture, way of life and mentality of the steppe people dramatically, in particular, the Kalmyks switched to a sedentary lifestyle. In the 1920s and 1930s Kalmyks began to lose such essential elements of their ethnic culture as nomadic economy, writing, religion, etc. Simultaneously with the denial of the past and traditions, the unified Soviet culture and a new socialist way of life were imposed. The deportation caused colossal damage to the Kalmyk people and their culture. During the Siberian exile, the continuity in the socio-cultural sphere was disrupted, many traditions and customs of the Kalmyk people were forgotten. At the same time, the Kalmyk ethnos was able to preserve its national identity and the main features of the ethnic mentality, which at the same time acquired some new features. The study revealed that this relatively short period of history had a significant impact on the culture and mentality of the Kalmyk ethnic group.
Read more
Ivanov Vladimir P., Vinogradov Sergey V.
147-155
280
The Caspian Research Institute of Fisheries (CaspNIRKh) will celebrate its 125th Anniversary in 2022. The first scientific fishery institution in Russia was created in Astrakhan in 1897. It was the Ichthyological Laboratory under the Caspian Fisheries Administration, which became the ancestor of the... scientific center in the Caspian. The reason for creation and development of this scientific institution is the fact that the Volga-Caspian region for several centuries played an important role in ensuring the country's food security, supplying its population with fish and fish products. From 1980 to 2001 CaspNIRKh was headed by a renowned scientist, a talented leader, a modest and charming person, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Vladimir Prokofievich Ivanov. During this period, the institute solved many scientific and organizational problems: development of fisheries in the Caspian Sea, forecasting fish catches, development of pond fish farming trends, merging both scientific departments CaspNIRKh and TsNIORKh into a single institute, preservation of the Institute in the difficult 1990s, establishment of international ties under the conditions of the collapse of the USSR, etc. Despite unfavorable circumstances and numerous difficulties, V.P. Ivanov managed to preserve KaspNIRKh, its team and scientific potential. An important fact that characterizes his human qualities is his ability to maintain warm, friendly relations with many of his colleagues. Honored Fishery Worker of Russia, Honorary Professor of Astrakhan State Technical University, Honorary Citizen of the city of Astrakhan Vladimir Prokofievich has been on a well-deserved retirement since 2018. But this is just a formality, because in his 84 years he is still actively involved in creative activity: he writes articles, monographs, works with degree-seeking applicants, consults his colleagues on different issues. In a conversation with the editor-in-chief of the journal S.V. Vinogradov, V.P. Ivanov shared his memories, as well as some reflections on ways to preserve the biological resources of the Caspian Sea for future generations.
Read more
Grishin Nikolai V.
156-157
288
The book by Arkady Lyubarev "Entertaining Electoral Statistics" considers a wide range of issues in the study of electoral statistics. The content of the book covers the subject areas of electoral geography and electoral forensics. The book contributes to the systematization of scientific directions... using the official election results as the main empirical source, offers an assessment of the effectiveness and prospects of scientific methods used in this field of study.
Read more
, , , , ,
158-159
284
