The relevance of the study is determined by the global challenges of recent decades, quite a difficult geopolitical situation, instability of the world energy market and the need to ensure economic growth. Based on the analysis of government documents and archival materials, speeches and publications of leading experts, the evolution of conceptual approaches to solving the problem of reproduction of the mineral resource base of Russian oil and gas complex in the period under study is investigated. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of modernization. The conclusion is made that the milestone events were government documents focused on the development of the naval base; they are the reasons for both the acute discussions and still more distinct difference in approaches regarding the accuracy of the planned indicators, the selected mechanisms for solving problems, the interpretation of the optimal ratio of the required volumes of resource reserves and production rates. The reasons for the disagreement are seen in the conviction of some experts in the sufficiency of resources to ensure the functioning of the industry and export needs. At the same time, the authors state that some of the problems that have emerged at the turn of the century have not been resolved; long-term planning of geological exploration is defined as a strategically significant area in the process of strengthening the raw material potential of the country's oil and gas complex. The situation requires a scientifically based choice of priorities, consistent government policy aimed at stimulating this area of activity from business, ensuring proper control, supporting small and medium-sized companies, scientific research and introduction of new technologies.
