Transformation of the structure of fishing clusters in the Volga-Caspian fishing region under the influence of migration processes in 1861‒1914

10.54398/1818510Х_2023_4_72

Annotation

The abolition of serfdom and the creation of a free labor market created the opportunity for the active development of internal migration in the form of the Volga region peasants working for seasonal earnings in the Volga-Caspian fishing region. High wages and demand for labor increased the labor migrant’s flows throughout the second half of the 19th century and contributed to the resettlement of the population to the lower Volga and to the coast of the Caspian Sea. One of the elements of the regional implementation of the state policy of settlement outlying territories by attracting migration flows was the Charter of the Caspian Fishing and Seal Fisheries of 1865. Its provisions contributed to stimulating voluntary and economically beneficial migration to the Volga-Caspian fishing region. The goal is to analyze the transformation of the structure of fishing clusters in the Volga-Caspian fishing region under the influence of migration processes in 1861‒1914. The study was conducted on a wide source base, represented by official documents, which made it possible to trace the directions of state regulation of the fishing industry and identify the relationship between migration and economic pro-cesses. The authors come to the conclusion that the transformation of the structure of fishing clusters in the region was accompanied by a series of crises, conflicts between the involved parties and the development of mechanisms for adaptation of fisheries to new socio-economic realities.

Keywords

• migration
• fishing
• seasonal work
• catcher
• cluster
• labor resources
• resettlement
• Charter of the Caspian fisheries and seal fisheries
• Volga-Caspian fishing region
• Astrakhan province
• Caspian Sea
• Tsaritsyn
• Cherny Yar
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Contribution of the authors

Kulakova N. I. – development of the research concept, processing and presentation of source materials, writing the source text, final conclusions; Krasnozhenova Ye. Ye. – scientific guidance, work in the archive, revision of the text, final conclusions.

Acknowledgments

this work has been supported by the grants the Russian Science Foundation № 23-28-00547 “Model of regulation of labor migration in the Russian Empire in 1861–1914 (by the example of the formation of industrial and commercial clusters of the Volga-Caspian fishing region)”, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00547/.

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