This monograph is the result of cooperation between the Northern Institute of Environmental Protection and Minorities (Arctic Center, University of Lapland) and researchers from Wuhan University. The international team of scientists set a goal to identify the similarities and differences between the positions of Finland (as a member state of the EU) and China with regard to law and governance in the Arctic. The monograph compares the legal and political positions of Finland and China in specific policy areas related to the Arctic, including maritime sovereignty, research, marine protected areas, the Svalbard Treaty and cooperation of the Arctic Council. Based on these findings, the authors propose general conclusions on Finnish and Chinese approaches to Arctic management and international law, as well as new theoretical information about Arctic management.