The article considered process formation and development of the whaling in Soviet Union in post-war years on an example of a whaling flotilla the "Glory". It based in Odessa and intended for work in severe conditions of the Antarctic. The author underlines, victory of the USSR in the Second World War, caused serious geopolitical changes in the world, has allowed the country to start active developing of riches of the ocean. In this attitude, whaling became one of sources of the foodstuffs for population in lean post-war years. The whaling flotilla "Glory" was very profitable enterprise for the state and an example of the rational use of the property received on reparations from Germany. The article showed the role of the I.V. Stalin, Prime Minister of USSR, in realization of strategy of development by the Soviet fishing industry of riches of the ocean, and the role in creation of a whaling flotilla "Glory". The author considers that economic interests closely intertwined with the political in campaigns of the Soviet whaling flotillas, in particular "Glory" to Antarctic. The whaling flotilla "Glory" was one of factors of the USSR presence in Antarctic for the country leaders. It was represented necessary in a context of global opposition of two "superstates" of the USSR and the USA. All documents of the Russian state archive of economy, which was used in the article, introduced in a scientific circulation for the first time.
