In this author discusses the features of the political situation in 1921 in Soviet Russia. The study was research on archival and published material of a vast region of the country - the Volga region. The peculiarity of the Volga region was the fact that in contrast to the Tambov province, Ukraine, Western Siberia and others regions of the country, it has not formed a unified center of the peasant revolts. There were uncoordinated rebel groups in each province. Another feature of the political struggle has become a serious weakening of peasant households, which were not able to withstand drought and bad harvest in 1921 that led to a hunger and extinction of the tens of thousands of people. The most common form of protest at that time in this region was the peasant revolts that enveloped all the provinces of the Volga region. Especially harden was the fight in Pugachev district of Samara province, where insurgents peasants in May 1921, it managed to capture a Pugachev, the chief town of a district. The Tambov’s peasants revolt, the so-called “Antonovshina”, reaching to the Volga region. Several groups of the Tambov peasants came to the territory of Penza and Saratov provinces. In Penza province was the fierce battle between the military units of special-purpose and Antonov’s bang. But the Tambov groups did not receive the support from the local peasantry and were therefore doomed to a failure. Most of the potential threat was the rebellion of Second Turkestan Division of the Red Army led by Sapozhkov, the former tsarist officer. The reasons of the mutiny became poor organization of supply, organizational confusion, war weariness, the conflict between the command of the division and the political department of the division and the threat of removal Sapozhkova and his deputies from his post. Thanks to quick and decisive action of command and military units of the Zavolzhsky Military District, the revolt not allowed to spread to other military units. The revolt was depressed for 3 days, and Sapozhkov was killed.
