“To look forward to settlement”: imperial policy in foreign territories

10.54398/1818510Х_2023_2_11

Annotation

The relevance of the research conducted is determined by the prolonged influence of climate factors on the development of modern households in several areas of modern Russia that relied heavily on cattle breeding. The subject of this study is the imperial political tactic which includes the transfer of Southern Russian nomadic foreign communities into a sedentary lifestyle (19–20 centuries) using Kalmyk, Nogai, Turkmen people as an example. With the help of multiple documents such as: acts, clerical papers as well as statistics and after using the problem-chronological & historical-comparison methods of research three steps of nomadic settling become visible. The study showed that these nomadic peoples occupied territories clearly not conducive to the development of agricultural labor, which predetermined the conservation of an extensive method of cattle breeding for many decades. In conclusion the author devices that the traditional, multi-generational survival strategy and experience of nomads which is pre-determined by geographical location and climate became obsolete when it came to sedentary living. The contradictory behaviours of Imperial politicians of different of state power importance in the nomadic communities of Astrahan and Stavropol provinces demonstrates the lack of governmental understanding of foreign areas of Southern Russia.

Keywords

• Astrahan province
• Stavropol province
• kalmyk plains
• kalmyk people
• nogai people
• Stavropol Turkmen people
• householding
• sedentary
• settlements
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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project № 22-18-00313 “Transformation of nomadic societies of the South of Russia in the context of natural and factors (XIX – mid XX centuries)” (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00313/).

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