The article examines the Soviet-Mongolian cooperation in the scientific field at the first stage of the formation of statehood in the Mongolian People's Republic in the 1920-1940s. The authors analyze main areas of scientific cooperation in this period, based on a wide range of research. One of the priority areas was the wide dissemination of scientific knowledge among the population, which resulted in creation of a network of educational institutions and an increase in the general level of education of the population. Another important area was research in the traditional spheres of Mongolia’s activity, where theoretical achievements could be quickly transformed into practical results. The article pays special attention to the activities of the Commission for Scientific Research of Mongolia (1925-1927), the Mongolian Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1927-1953), the Scientific Committee of the Mongolian People’s Republic in organizing research expeditions to study the history, nature and culture of the Mongolian People’s Republic. As the Mongolian People’s Republic lacks national academic personnel, scientific institutes, material resources, a system for training researchers, the article noted the contribution of Soviet scientists to the formation of Mongolian science and the opening of the first national university.
