The author shown in this article, that the introduction of new economic policy wore a number of features in Kalmykia. The Kalmyk organization of the RCP (b) received the right to organize the Regional Committee of the RCP (b) in 1921, which was directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the RCP (b). This testified to the fact that, firstly, during the civil war new elite was formed, oriented towards the RCP (b), which was able in the early 1920s take responsibility for the development of Kalmykia. Secondly, within the framework of the ruling party, the RCP (b), this new elite joined quickly the all-Russian political process. A fine illustration of the above is the biography of the chairman of the KalmCIC A.Ch. Chapchaev, who actively participated in all-Russian processes (civil war, suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, work in central party and state organizations, participation as a delegate at party congresses and conferences, etc.), did a lot for the development of Kalmykia and its people. A.Ch. Chapchaev and other Kalmyk leaders began development work in Kalmykia, in addition to traditional cattle breeding, other types of economic activity in the early 1920s. This, above all, was about the development of agriculture and the creation of industrial enterprises. These measures were supposed to contribute to the creation of a sustainable economy, a more rapid departure from the nomadic way of life, faster integration into the all-Russian economic processes. An unprecedented drought and then a famine in 1921 became a serious obstacle to the restoration of the Kalmyk economy undermined by previous wars. Most of the residents of KAO were starving. But thanks to help from the Government of the RSFSR, other regions of the country, other states, including Mongolia, the consequences of the famine were quickly overcome.
