The article deals with the sphere of education of Kalmykia in the 30s of the XX century, which was a period of socio-cultural transformation in the context of Soviet industrial modernization. In the regional educational sphere, as in the whole country was carried out large-scale projects such as the introduction of universal primary and the transition to universal seven-year education, the implementation of Polytechnic education, work continued on the elimination of illiteracy, was the training of national personnel through the opening of educational institutions of different levels, which led to a change in the social structure of the region. In addition, the necessary educational infrastructure was created in the autonomy. Through the formation of a new system of education, the peoples of traditional societies, as was the Kalmyk society, adapted and included in these transformations. The relevance of this problem is associated with the appeal to the retrospective consideration of education during the Soviet modernization processes, which is associated with the searchfor a modern educational model, and to take into account the positive experience of the past.
