Issue 2019
No. 1
(58)
Zakutnov Oleg I.
9-13
402
This article discusses the activities of Boris Vasilyevich Köne as manager of the Armorial Division of the Department of Gerolds. The data on the work of B. V. Köne of state, provincial, city heraldry and on the creation of emblems of members of the imperial family are given. The large-scale refor...m of Russian heraldry carried out by B.V. Köné, the creation of a single Russian state symbolism, and the adoption of uniform rules for the compilation of coat of arms of provinces, regions, cities and posad are described.
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Karapetyan Lev A.
14-21
319
In the party ideology on the national question, the principle of national-cultural self-determination of peoples was fundamental. The problem remained debatable throughout 1905-1917. The disputes escalated the day before and during the First World War, when the format of the discussion expanded to i...nclude, along with the question of Russian Armenians, the situation of the Armenian population in Turkey through the prism of the interests of European states. There were disagreements between the members of the formed party commission on the Armenian issue, in which two positions emerged, on the one hand, P. N. Milyukov, and on the other - M. S. Adzhemova, M. I. Papadzhanova, A. K. Dzhivelegova. PnConsidering various possibilities, Milyukov was ultimately a supporter of the inclusion of Turkish Armenia into Russia in the event of the defeat of Turkey. In general, he was supported by the majority of the Central Committee. Views of opponents P. N. Milyukova evolved from the status of an autonomous Armenia within Turkey, while maintaining its territorial integrity, to a sovereign neutral Armenia, backed by an international conference in the event of the collapse of Turkey. The solution of the question of the future of Russian Armenia was associated with a democratic Russia. The question of a united Armenia at that time was not raised by them. Despite repeated discussion of the issue at meetings of the Central Committee of the party, a formal decision on it was never made. In principle, the situation did not change much after the February Revolution, when the Cadets became the ruling party. But the reality showed that there was a contradiction between their version of solving the national question and the federalist character of the national movements in Russia in 1917. Partly connected with this was the departure of M. S. Adzhemova and M. I. Papadzhanova and joining the Ramkavar party. Being a national cadet party, she proposed a program with a more acceptable solution to the Armenian political issue.
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Chikaeva Karina S.
21-27
363
In the article, on the basis of archival materials, the daily activities of the Stavropol nobility class organization in the 1910s are investigated. The author noted that the estate organization in the North Caucasus began to function from the beginning of the 19th century, the traditions of nobilit...y self-government did not receive active development: nobles of the Kuban and Terek regions did not participate in the life of the Stavropol Assembly until 1912. The list of nobles included in the genealogical books is analyzed, and a feature of the structural composition of the North Caucasian nobility, due to the later entry of the territory into the Russian Empire and the extensive use of officers in various civilian positions, is shown. A significant part of the noble families was officers, middle and high bureaucracy with descendants, recorded in the second (538 names, 58 %) and the third part of the noble ancestry book (339 names, 36 %). The participation of noblemen in the Council work of the united noble societies was considered, it was noted that the impoverished nobility joined its work late. Daily activities of the Noble Assembly, which was distinguished by its small size and weak public activity, is presented. It is shown that the social activities of the nobility have intensified during the First World War. The Stavropol Noble organization joined the Common Noble organization to help sick and wounded soldiers. Nobles of the North Caucasus took part in charity, made donations, which significantly improved the treatment and maintenance of wounded soldiers in the hospital named after the Stavropol nobility. It was concluded that the daily activities of the Noble Assembly strengthened spiritual and moral values, contributed to the formation of the social and psychological qualities of a nobleman, based on the idea of high purpose of the class.
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Lidgheeva Clara F., Olchanova Cagan V.
27-31
314
The article deals with the sphere of education of Kalmykia in the 30s of the XX century, which was a period of socio-cultural transformation in the context of Soviet industrial modernization. In the regional educational sphere, as in the whole country was carried out large-scale projects such as the... introduction of universal primary and the transition to universal seven-year education, the implementation of Polytechnic education, work continued on the elimination of illiteracy, was the training of national personnel through the opening of educational institutions of different levels, which led to a change in the social structure of the region. In addition, the necessary educational infrastructure was created in the autonomy. Through the formation of a new system of education, the peoples of traditional societies, as was the Kalmyk society, adapted and included in these transformations. The relevance of this problem is associated with the appeal to the retrospective consideration of education during the Soviet modernization processes, which is associated with the searchfor a modern educational model, and to take into account the positive experience of the past.
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Ubushaev Vladimir B.
31-36
316
The purpose of this work is analyze the problem of transport communications at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In the first months after the attack of fascist Germany on the USSR, hostilities unfolded on a big territory from the Barents Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. Under... these conditions, the problem of supplying the existing armies, especially considering the fact that a huge amount of military equipment was involved in military operations, became one of the most important in achieving victory. Understanding this, the German command, in every way sought to capture, or, in extreme cases, cut the available transport routes. Considering that the railway transport was the most effective for supplying troops during this period, German military generals developed many military operations taking into account the location of the railway lines, which they tried to seize in every possible way. The front, in the first months of 1941, began to rapidly roll back from the western borders to the east and south, deep into the territory of the Soviet Union. In these regions, the network of available railway communications was much less common than in the west of the country. Under these conditions, the Soviet government makes decisions on the construction of a number of new railways in remote areas of the country, necessary for the normal supply of economic centers of the Volga region and the Urals, and taking into account the approach to these regions of the theater of military operations. The Astrakhan-Kizlyar railway, the construction decision of which was taken by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in August 1941, became one of such highways connecting, first of all, Stalingrad with transit routes on the Caspian Sea.
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Fedina Ksenia S.
36-40
395
Since the creation of the Soviet state, education has been given priority attention. "Schools for our Soviet youth are an institution in which a person begins to develop from the first days of his conscious activity in order to be a great citizen of the Soviet Union, and we must ensure that schools ...are given only by the great people of our era and that the Komsomol organizations have an honorable role struggle for improving academic performance." At a certain stage, one of the main tasks in the field of public education was the introduction of universal compulsory seven-year education for children, which was planned to be introduced in stages in the country by the 1937 / 38 school year. This plan was not destined to be implemented within the specified time limits and regulatory documents and information in the press confirms the fact that during the period under study the work on the introduction of the seven-year education in the country, both universal and compulsory, continued. In this article, the main problems and ways to solve them when introducing in the school education compulsory and universal seven-year schooling in 1945-1952 in the Astrakhan region. The dynamics of the growth in the number of schools, the number of pupils, the provision of teaching staff in the schools of the Astrakhan region in the post-war period in the context of the implementation of the "law on universal education" are reflected.
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Taktasheva Flyura A.
41-47
355
The research is concerned with the actual problem of neonatal and post-Natal mortality in the 1940s - 1950s and considered on the example of the Stalingrad region. This is a period of overcoming the demographic consequences of the Great Patriotic War, when, in the conditions of the most severe short...age of resources and general ruin, it was necessary to restore the population of the region. In this regard, infant mortality was an important factor in demographic development, being the indicator of the effectiveness of the socio-economic and demographic policy of the soviet state. On the basis of statistical data for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, the dynamics of child mortality at the age of up to one year, which was a consequence of living conditions in this difficult historical period, was traced. Special attention is given to the changes in the structure of causes of infant mortality. It is shown that in the 1940s. the largest number of children died from infectious and gastrointestinal diseases, whereas in the 1950s. there is a decrease in mortality for these causes and an increase in mortality in the neonatal period from internal malformations, birth injuries, and premature birth. The main conclusion of the study is the trends in infant mortality, which were laid down in this period and have already proved themselves in modern times.
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Soloviev Sergey G.
47-52
323
The article is devoted to one of the "turning points" in the history of the formation of the Russian police, characterized by the transition from the era of combating crime in the 1990s to the period of humanization of the power component of the activities of the internal Affairs bodies in the early... 2000s. It is the adoption of consistent measures to develop the system of departmental education of the police, explaining to the personnel of the components of the system of checks and balances in the implementation of the right to use physical force, special means and firearms has significantly increased the limit of citizens ' confidence in the activities of law enforcement agencies, reducing social tensions, echoing from the previous post-perestroika period. This was a difficult stage of development for the Russian state, which forced the organizers of the departmental educational process to consider the mechanisms of minimizing the damage to life and health of citizens in solving professional problems. For a long time, discussions about the state regulation of the organization of training the police in the skills of preventive damage in the detention of criminals in the direct formulation of the question were out of the field of view of historians. The author has researched a large number of documents devoted to this problem. Individual documents on this topic have not lost their relevance at the present time.
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Miroshnichenko Inna V., Ryabchenko Natalya A., Gnedash Anna A.
53-62
335
This article substantiates the explanatory model of discursive practices of the actualization of the political subjectivity of socio-political actors in the network of public policy. Using the methodology of structural and relational network analysis in the research case of the Russia hashtag on the... social network Twitter, the authors reveal empirically fixed signs of various levels of discursive practices of social and political actors and the “role” characteristics of their political subjectivity, performing various functions of “producer,” “consumer” or "Repeater" of political discourse. Structural diversity of network communities in the online space of network public policy acquires clear political and cultural attitudes of specific political actors, which, through discursive practices, form cognitive patterns and models causing emotional and axiological perception of politics and political behavior not only of individual citizens, but also of communities of national scale. The polarization of users of the “#Russia” debating core of the Twitter social platform showed that the discursive practices of institutional design of political reality, which were demonstrated by “opinion leaders” by US Senator James Lankford and the representative office of the Russian international multilingual information television channel “RT” can be broadcast by value-oriented communities - “sensors”, Which, sharing the cognitive models of" opinion leaders ", give the content its own connotations. The main number of users of the Russia hashtag on the social network Twitter refers to individual actors characterized by “non-reflective consumption” of content, whose political preferences and attitudes are unstable and subject to dynamic changes associated with discourse production activities of institutionalized political actors.
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Belov Sergey I.
62-68
319
The presented research is devoted to an assessment of the prospects for using the political myth as a resource for shaping the image of the future in the mass consciousness. The research methodology is based on the use of descriptive analysis. Based on the research conducted, it was concluded that t...he image of the future can be effectively mounted on the basis of a political myth, but only if the latter is modernized. The structure of the myth should be reduced the presence of manipulative elements. At the stage of formation of the myth agenda, broad layers of the population should be mediated through its creation. The myth must be tied to the short or medium term in terms of implementation. Its structure should be built around achieving a specific super-goal. The creation of a myth of the future must be accompanied not only by the elaboration of a complex of symbols and the rituals associated with it, but also by the realization of the assigned tasks in practice. Audiences need, as a minimum, to demonstrate the movement towards the goal. The latter, together with the design of the image of the "enemy", should partially offset the risks associated with the stated short-term implementation of plans codified in the image of the future.
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Vorotincev Igor N.
68-73
546
In a poly-ethnic and multi-religious society, which is modern Russia, a purposeful policy of constructing civil (national) identity has a huge role. In Russia, which is included in the contradictory and interdependent processes of globalization and regionalization, the de-escalation of identity conf...licts becomes an important direction of the national security policy. In this regard, it is important to consider security policy in the context of protecting a positive national identity, and constructing such an identity in terms of ensuring national security.
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Markelov Konstantin A., Usmanov Rafik H., Golovin Vyacheslav G.
74-88
582
Transport and geopolitical problems are under activeconsiderationin various aspects in numerous domestic and foreign scientific research, that includes the correlation of regional and global interests, geopolitical space security, status of individual states, transportation of hydrocarbon resources,... etc. The Black Sea-Caspian Sea region is generally seen as a special segment of the global geopolitical space, located at the crossroads of the most important transit communications [32]. In the framework of modern Russia’s economic policyand the formation of an international transport framework, this segment holds an important place in the geopolitical and geoeconomic strategy of the country’s spatial development. The crossing of the “West-East” and “North-South” transport corridors that surroundthe most important routes of the Eurasian continent should be viewed as the most important factors of the Russian Federation “transport geopolitics” that have a direct impact on international transport systems development and global geoeconomic policy. On the other hand, in the framework of the adopted Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea [11] the Russian Caspian Sea basin transportation hub is becoming increasingly important in the organization of shipping routes, in the development of international freight transport and trade.At the same time, in the context of globalization and production processes integration, modern management systems should be distinguished by the presence of various combined and alternative options for freight forwarding services that increase goods exchange operations mobility.The variety of options for the promotion and transportation of goods is also accompanied by the formation of multimodal and intermodal transport that increases efficiency in the organization of logistics systems. The article considers the issues of the international transport corridor “North-South” status and infrastructure development on the basis of implementation of large-scale projects concerning maritime ports construction and creation of multimodal logistics centres on their basis, with the abovementioned logistics centres being the key nodes of the country and the Caspian region states’ supporting transportation framework. Given the mutual influence of the abovementioned factors, the paper studies their causal relationships and individual directions of the transport systems formation, that take into account essential economic conditions and geographical peculiarities of the country's spatial development.
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Baranov Andrey V.
89-94
364
The subject of the geopolitical conflict in the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov is defined - the status of these areas. Resources of influence, positions and tactics of the participants of the conflict - Russia, Ukraine, NATO and its countries are compared. The local conflict in the Sea of Azov and... the Kerch Strait was for NATO a new reason to challenge Russian control over the Crimea and justify its expansion in the Black Sea region. The subordinate role of Ukraine is proved in comparison with the NATO countries. Ukraine, realizing its weakness, seeks to internationalize the conflict, to achieve permanent residence of the NATO Navy into the Black and Azov Seas, to abolish the Montreux Convention, to block the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles for the Russian Navy. The main aspects of the conflict are: control over the transport communication of Russia with the Crimea through the Kerch Strait; the work of the Ukrainian ports on the Azov coast; profits from the development of oil and gas offshore; the intention of Ukraine and NATO countries to destroy the Kerch bridge; the entry of the NATO Navy into the Sea of Azov is fraught with Ukraine’s full-scale war against the DPR and LPR; the desire of NATO and Ukraine to close for the Russian Navy the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, which will change the balance of power in the Eastern Mediterranean; the creation of a pretext for the introduction of martial law in Ukraine in order to improve the election rating of P.A. Poroshenko and justify the integration of Ukraine into NATO. The forecast of the development of the conflict is made, its significance is revealed as a threat to the national security of Russia.
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Dzhantaleeva Madina Sh.
95-98
339
This article discusses the role of the SCO in ensuring national security in the Central Asian region. To date, national security in Central Asia is impossible without regional integration, since the States of the region are not able to independently confront threats, and that overcoming objectively ...existing obstacles to regional integration at this stage is possible only through the use of resources of the Shanghai cooperation Organization.
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Kudryashova Ekaterina V., Bergman Yuri E.
99-103
319
The article is devoted to the study of informational confrontation. Currently, a strong state is one that has a very developed information space. Many problems existing in this area can be explained by the fact that at this stage a low degree of readiness of modern society is indicated to actively r...esist any attempts to manipulate public consciousness. The society does not feel threatened by the media and the Internet, while their perception is constantly under the influence of a hidden manipulative information. Events around Ukraine have clearly shown that a large-scale aggressive information war is being waged against Russia, which threatens the national security of our country.
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Ulanov Mergen S., Tyumidova Marina E.
104-111
328
The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Buddhist factor in the formation of the mentality and spiritual culture of the Kalmyk ethnos. The authors note that Buddhism was the dominant factor in the formation of the mentality and spiritual culture of Kalmyks. The assertion among the Kalm...yks of the yellow-capped direction of the Tibetan tradition of Buddhism gave a tremendous impetus to the development of ethnic culture, contributed to the emergence of national writing and literature, temple architecture, icon painting, the spread of Tibetan medicine, etc. Buddhism contributed to a fundamental change in the cultural code, bringing to the culture of the Kalmyks high ethical norms and values, a deep and unique philosophy of life. Buddhism has become a fundamental factor in the ethnic identity of the Kalmyks, who, having migrated from Dzungaria, have fallen into a multicultural and non-confessional environment. Buddhist tolerance for other confessions and cultures contributed to the formation of good neighborly relations with the surrounding nations, which traditionally professed Christianity and Islam. The spread of Buddhism among the Kalmyks promoted the advancement of the woman, the growth of her social and legal status.
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Khlyscheva Elena V.
111-117
324
The article discusses the process of transformation of ethno-confessional identities in the modern world on the example of a particular multicultural region.The problem of intercultural communication in such areas is very acute, so the study of inter-ethnic interfaith communication is a priority for... researchers of various humanitarian fields, which explains the relevance of the scientific problem.It arises the question of finding more wide forms of self-identification. But on this way we find great difficulties arise due to the steady patterns of the traditional worldview. Special attention is paid to the gradual change in the ratio of regional, national and civil values and corresponding self-identification at all levels. Changes in society create an innovative understanding of identity. The emergence of new transcultural formations actualizes the searching of patterns and scenarios of coexistence in the common cultural field of various traditions and mentalities, developed and tested in the course of historical development.All this determines the need to identify new principles of building identity, based both on history, religion, mentality and on general citizenship.
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Topchiev Mikhail S.
117-123
330
The article is devoted to the study of the virtual space in particular, its influence on the formation of the values of the modern young family. The author emphasizes that today traditional family values are gradually declining, new gadgets are increasingly diving partners into the virtual space, wh...ich, in turn, leads to an increase in the number of divorces. An attempt was made to determine the core values of modern youth. The main research methodology is the content analysis of Russian and regional Internet portals.A sociological survey of students made it possible to determine the main channels of information transfer that affect the formation of family values, as well as attitudes towards divorce.
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Bocharnikova Irina S.
124-131
336
The standards of a consumer society have reached all the spheres of a modern person’s life. The development and widespread of the industrial revolution influence allowed a person to devote more time to himself, which led to the very expected accelerated growth of the leisure market. This new globa...l market, bringing billions of dollars, forms and supports the economies of countries that rely on the entertainment industry. The comprehensive nature of the new age has created a new society on a global scale and regulated trends with global information channels forming them. Internet with its huge potential both in development and in the introduction of new ways of spending time has been added to the standard set of modern leisure and entertainment, such as cinema, shows, sports championships, music festivals, discos, golf, night clubs. It is worth to note that all of the above should be accompined with specific types of leisure activities, such as gambling, sex tourism and psychotropic entertainment. As it was mentioned above, some regions of the planet have the reputation of the capitals of various spheres of leisure, such as Thailand or the island of Macau in China. Nowadays researchers conciders sport leisure as a part of entertainment industry and associate it with such values as rest, recuperation, entertainment, and the creation of a healthy and strong body, which in turn refers to signs of elitism. This is where new life forms are created, with its ever-growing audience looking for new sensations in extreme sports and leisure activities. The market instantly reacts to the emergence of new currents, which leads to the creation of all new technical devices that allow one to overcome legal states and restore oneself to a conqueror of unreachable peaks.
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Kunyashova Svetlana V.
131-135
348
In the conditions of market economy culture becomes a real segment ofthe economic relations, the services sector directed to satisfaction of needs of the population. The state’s cultural policy is aimed at the primary development of those directions which not only satisfy needs of the population, ...but also bring income. Tourism as dynamically developing industry is a revenue of the budget. Influence of tourism on the development of region is large. Mastering tourism industry, the region develops transport, communication, hotel business, banking services, increases revenues of local producers. One of the most important directions of implementation of cultural policy in the Astrakhan region is preservation of cultural heritage, and tourist activity becomes one of the directions popularizing this unique heritage. The rich potential existing in the area for travel business allows to develop many directions. Revival of interest in the ethnoconfessional cultures of the region promoted emergence of the new direction of tourist activity - event tourism, representing an interactive form of receiving new bright impressions. Toanalyse cultural policy in the sphere of event tourism and to reveal the capacity of this direction for the region is the purpose of this article.
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Podgalova Alexandra S.
136-141
318
The traditional conflict between religion and science is being transformed into a conflict between religion, advanced technology and secular culture. The impact of assisted reproductive technologies on human life goes far beyond medical intervention alone. Scientific technologies transform the biolo...gical and social roles of humans, influence the formation of public opinion on the development and dissemination of technology in General, thereby becoming the cause of new ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas are particularly acute for the community of believers. The Orthodox community denies and sharply criticizes technologies in the reproductive field, as these methods affect the religious understanding of human nature, completely contradicts the Orthodox understanding of the family, the roles of men and women in marriage. The purpose of the article, based on the materials of the Orthodox media, is to show what is the basis of criticism of the surrogate motherhood methodology by the Orthodox community. The author identifies and explains the main focus of criticism, arguments. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the use of artificial reproductive technologies and surrogate mother affects the global problem of the ratio of religion and scientific technologies, in which modern man is faced with a choice between scientific and medical technologies on the one hand and religious norms, prohibitions on the other hand.
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Chernyakhovskaya Yulia S.
142-150
331
The problem of the article is the study of the dynamics of the formation of the motivational impact of the myth as the core of the ideal political construction. The author addresses the problem of the modern crisis of meanings in order to determine the possible ways out of it. Based on the approache...s of scientific and technical romanticism determines the place and role of symbols in the construction of meanings. The thesis is put forward that the phenomenon of scientific and technical romanticism, which can be represented as a person's confidence in his ability to change the world and the immanent ability of the world to become better, appears in different forms of this phenomenon, such as myth, utopia, forecast, ideal construct. At a certain pre-scientific level, before the feeling and idea of the unity of the world and its laws, the dominant form of this confidence is still a vague idea of the possibility of the best, appearing primarily in the form of a myth, even not yet having the ability to mobilize the carriers of this myth. The article analyzes the pre-scientific forms of ideal-desired motivation; as the beginning and origin of the trend of designing alternatives. The role of an ideal construct and research of the future is defined and proved. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the named sensation as the initial existence of this phenomenon in its undeveloped, minimized form, makes a certain ascent from the simple to the highest forms of manifestation, from dissatisfaction with the world - to the presentation of an alternative project and mastering the possibility of influencing the world in the implementation of this project. This cyclical ascent can be considered as the ascent of manifestations of the phenomenon as a spirit from its natural forms through axiological feeling to the acquisition of reality in its impact on the world.
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Bedaev Aleksandr I.
151-156
339
The article considers the issue and prospects of usage of the semiotic method in studying political phenomena and processes, and how well this method is developed in the purpose of studying political character. The researcher distinguishes the notions of “reality, which is understood as an entitat...ive world of phenomena, and “actuality”, which is a comprehended reality. The article presents the possibilities to use semiotic approach to both studying genetic bases of the political discourse, and application of the results in further research. In the author’s view the peculiar features of studying political discourse are the following: variety of ways to understand the sense, purposeful complication of the levels of interpreting political events, as well as high temporal intensity of semiotic texts recoding. Creation of such levels conceals the initial semiotic text or obscures it and presents its more adequate interpretations as viewpoints, where all the positions are equally valuable and equally eligible. This procedure helps to reveal not just separate variants of representation, but even creation of a kind of semiotic “worlds” of a deontic character, which are of high relevance.
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Trashkova Svetlana M.
157-162
342
The article reveals the peculiarities of the study of the problem of inviolability of the person. Freedom is represented as one of the leading characteristics of human existence, which determines the ability of a person to create conditions for their existence at a decent level, overcoming a certain... dependence, which are natural and social factors. Attention is drawn to a very serious aspect, to some extent illustrating the problem of freedom: it is largely due to the specifics of historical development, because at various historical stages of its interpretation has its own specificity. Moreover, the notion of freedom, largely due to the following notions: necessity, responsibility, dependency, alienation, etc. Focuses on the fact that the concept of В«security of personВ» is not only legal, but also socio-philosophical contents. Social and philosophical aspects of this problem are revealed. The historical features of the development of ideas about the inviolability of the person are analyzed. The article reveals different approaches to solving the problem of personal immunity, which is associated with the emergence of new threats. Highlights the peculiarities of the solutions of complex problems, ensuring the integrity of the person in russian philosophy. The author substantiates the author's approach to understanding the ways of realization of personality, which combines different conceptual approaches. It is proved that modern ideas about the inviolability of the person should be multidimensional and comprehensive.
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Podvoisky L. Ya.
163-169
312
The question of such a complex and important social phenomenon as leadership and attempts to interpret it has aroused interest since ancient times, beginning with antiquity. This interest has not weakened in subsequent historical periods. In Old Russian philosophical tradition, the problem of politi...cal leadership also occupies an important place, which is reflected in a number of literary works. Ancient Russian literature papers along with the philosophical content organically include elements of political views. This is evidenced by the fact that they deal with the structure of the principality and the state, the relationship between the individual and government, government and society. They give the characteristics of personal qualities and ideological and political views of the knyazes, the vaivodes, as well as those of the clergy. It is noteworthy that this is not about literary characters, but about historical personalities. In the modern sense, these historical personalities were recognized leaders at various levels who had a significant impact on modern society.
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Umanskaya Luiza A.
169-174
330
Bulgaria’s foreign policy is determined by the social and economic difficulties and political preferences of the ruling elite that this poorest country in the richest European Union is currently experiencing. The focus of this paper is an analysis of the problems that the authorities of this Balka...n country have recently faced in implementing their political strategy. In particular, the author notes that the Sofia authorities often perform ill-considered actions dictated by them by their Western curators, who use Bulgaria as a pawn in their great geopolitical game against Russia. Acting in this way to the detriment of their own national interests, they cause substantial material and reputational damage, which primarily affects the ordinary citizen of this country.
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Rudkov Yu.I.
175-181
329
The development of regional political and administrative elites is especially important for the states of the federal structure, which pay the closest attention to this process, since the integrity and security of this state as a whole depends on its quality. In the Russian Federation, the subjects ...are unequal and there is a significant asymmetry of their polities and economic potential, determined by the national and historical features of these territories. Under these conditions, local elites have different socio-economic opportunities and are forced by this circumstance to use a variety of management strategies, sometimes leading to confrontation or even conflict with each other. The task of the federal center is to prevent the growth of these conflicts and to stop them in the very initial phase of their development. How effective this policy is can be seen in the example of the qualitative state of local political and administrative elites.
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Yakushenkov Sergei N.
182-183
328
The reviewed monograph is a unique compendium of information about the role of birds in the culture of the Ancient world. It is difficult to imagine any nation, in life of whom birds did not played a significant role, but in the culture of the Ancient world, birds occupied a special place. The mater...ial presented in the monograph covers a fairly long period of time from the VIII century BC to the IV century AD and mainly the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome. The author of the book is a unique fusion of a scientist, translator from ancient Greek, connoisseur of ancient texts and a practicer, who devoted a significant part of his life to the study and observation of birds in nature. It is difficult to call Professor J. Mynott an Amateur ornithologist, because he embodies an amazing fusion of enthusiasm of a bird-watcher and exceptional awareness of a professional who is able to identify the bird by forms, sounds or behavior. The monograph is not a simple collection of various facts about birds, it is really a scientific study that introduces into scientific circulation a huge number of ancient texts, many of which were previously not translated into English and were known only to a narrow circle of specialists. The book is of great interest to a wide range of readers from specialists in the history of the Ancient world to people interested in ornithology and cultural history.
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