The article is devoted to the changes in the traditional approach to security, associated with the shift of emphasis from military to socio-cultural threats. The article gives a brief analysis of two concepts of security: cultural and societal, shows the specificity of the concept of societal security, the disadvantages and advantages of its use. At the heart of both concepts is the notion of a collective culture of identity, the changes of which are associated with a number of external and internal factors. The modern changing world is increasingly provoking transgression processes associated with the acquisition of a new identity (change of sex, citizenship, religious affiliation, professional activity, etc.). People with posttransfusional identity perceived by the conservative majority as a threat, a promise to strengthen security. They destroy customary standards, including changing collective cultural identity. However, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the strengthening of the security system is fraught with both restrictions of freedom and reciprocal acts of cultural transgression. Within the framework of the system of social security, collective identity is a kind of "cement", connecting the social community. This connecting identity can be not only ethnic, state, confessional, but also in certain cases - regional, when a person perceives his region as a social community. However, in certain cases, the spatial limitations of the concept may be an operational advantage. If we apply it to the Caspian macro-region, it will allow us to look at it comprehensively, taking into account the risks of not only socio-cultural, but also economic and environmental aspects of its existence.
