This article discusses the basic domestic socio-philosophical concepts explores the phenomenon of utopia and dystopia dedicated to its ideological and cultural roots and its impact on the public and personal development. The author highlights the most critical tradition understanding utopia in Russian social and philosophical thought that originated in the pre-revolutionary Russian writers and philosophers which lasted during the Soviet era, and is preserved in the present period. An overview of key domestic researchers utopian social models, both classical and modern which demonstrates the relevance of the problem in question regardless of the current historical era. Most of the researchers conclude in general negative essence of utopia as a socio-cultural phenomenon forming false and inhuman social ideals. Dystopia is an instrument for the researching core and goals of utopia by exposing various literary techniques and can be considered as a separate social-philosophical method of investigation. The author concludes the existential-humanistic understanding of the negative utopian tendencies in the study of this problem by Russian writers and philosophers which is based on a deep spiritual and moral understanding of man as a free and self-valuable creature traditionally inherent in the entire Russian culture.
