Article is devoted to questions of socio-political history of the Turkic sluzhily nobility in Lower Volga Area in the XVII century. On the basis of a wide range of sources the social structure of the nobility Astrakhan the yurtovskikh of Tatars is analyzed, are considered a circle of their powers and the responsibility sphere, legal status as a part of the Russian state, feature of relationship of the yurtovsky nobility with the local Russian authorities. Military service was one of the primary responsibilities of Astrakhan murzas Yurt and other members of the nobility, which was supplemented with instructions for maintenance of embassies. When this nobleman and tabun heads were independent of each other in their actions, as evidenced by their independent participation in military campaigns
