Relevance of the chosen theme is led by strong interest on the part of Russian culture and philosophical thought, which indicates the significance of the influence of the phenomenon of Russian civilization development. The subject of discussion is a mentality and culture of the Russian civilization, which appear as a complex synthesis of the spiritual and material artifacts. The aim is to study the uniqueness of the Russian mentality in its relation of the cultural and historical features, breaking in terms of the national character, and its introduction in philosophical discourse. The results and conclusions of the article can be used in the study of the phenomenon of Russian civilization, spiritual and material foundations of its specificity. In conclusion, we emphasize that all the mental characteristics of Russian civilization, will be reflected in the features of the social processes, ideology, the uniqueness of government institutions, core values. Mental foundations of civilization in the historical sense are fundamental and play quite a decisive role in choosing the direction of social development.
